Question 1

The ______________________, identified by Loeber and his associates, begins at an early age with stubborn behavior; it leads to defiance and then to authority avoidance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ______________________, identified by Loeber and his...

Question 2

_______________________ is a cluster of antisocial behaviors that may include family dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, precocious sexuality and early pregnancy, educational underachievement, suicide attempts, sensation seeking, and unemployment, as well as delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________________ is a cluster of antisocial behaviors...

Question 3

______________________ refers to the view that kids who begin engaging in antisocial behaviors at a very early age are the ones most at risk for a delinquency career.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______________________ refers to the view that kids...

Question 4

Using subjects in New Zealand, Wright and associates found that low self-control in childhood predicts disrupted social bonds and delinquent offending later in life.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately summarizes the findings of Wright and colleagues' research on the relationship between childhood self-control and later social and behavioral outcomes in New Zealand.

Question 5

According to psychologist Terrie Moffitt, ____________________ exhibit early onset of delinquency that persists into adulthood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to psychologist Terrie Moffitt, ____________________ exhibit...

Question 6

Interactional theory is a developmental theory that attributes delinquent behavior patterns to childhood socialization and pro- or antisocial attachments over the life course.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interactional theory is a developmental theory that...

Question 7

According to psychologist Terrie Moffitt, _____________________ offenders begin offending late and age out of delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to psychologist Terrie Moffitt, _____________________ offenders...

Question 8

Building social capital improves the chances for economic success, building social capital supports conventional behavior and inhibits deviant behavior.

Accepted Answer

Building social capital involves establishing relationships, trust and networks within a community. This can lead to access to resources, information and opportunities that can increase economic success. Additionally, social capital encourages individuals to conform to conventional behavior and norms, which can discourage deviant behavior.

Question 9

___________________ is characteristic of life course persisters, who tend to engage in early sexuality and drug use.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________________ is characteristic of life course persisters,...

Question 10

Developmental theorists believe that crime is but one of a group of antisocial behaviors that, clustered together, are known as ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Developmental theorists believe that crime is but...

Question 11

The _________________ theory of crime looks at the onset, continuity, and termination of a delinquent career.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _________________ theory of crime looks at...

Question 12

According to interactional theory, weak bonds lead kids to acquire deviant peer relations and engage in delinquency; delinquency weakens conventional bonds and strengthens relations with deviant peers.

Accepted Answer

According to interactional theory, weak bonds can lead kids to acquire deviant peer relations and engage in delinquency. This delinquency then weakens their conventional bonds further and strengthens their relations with deviant peers, creating a vicious cycle.

Question 13

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, because those with low self-control can delay gratification, they are less likely to enjoy delinquent acts.

Accepted Answer

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory of self-control, individuals with low self-control are not able to consistently delay gratification, which may lead them to engage in impulsive and delinquent acts. Therefore, they are more likely to enjoy such acts rather than less likely.

Question 14

Research shows that children who are raised in two-parent families are less likely to grow up to have happier marriages than children whose parents were divorced or never married.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research actually suggests that children from two-parent families have a higher likelihood of having happier marriages themselves.

Question 15

The covert pathway describes a situation where a delinquent career begins with minor, underhanded behavior and eventually escalates into more serious criminality.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the covert pathway.

Question 16

___________________ theory suggests that delinquent behavior is a dynamic process, influenced by individual characteristics as well as social experiences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________________ theory suggests that delinquent behavior is...

Question 17

Latent trait theories assume that an individual's behavior is linked less to personal change than to changes in the surrounding world.

Accepted Answer

Latent trait theories emphasize the stability of personality traits over time, suggesting that an individual's behavior is primarily influenced by their underlying traits rather than by changes in the environment.

Question 18

The social development model contends that an impulsive personality is the key to delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The social development model actually views a lack of self-control (which includes impulsivity) as a risk factor for delinquency, but it is not the sole determinant. Other factors such as family and community environments, peer influences, and individual characteristics also play a role.

Question 19

The _______________ pathway identified by Loeber's research describes a situation where a delinquent career begins with minor, underhanded behavior and eventually escalates into more serious criminality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______________ pathway identified by Loeber's research...

Question 20

According to age-graded theory, building social capital and strong social bonds reduces the likelihood of long-term deviance; as people go through their life course the factors that influence their behavior undergo change.

Accepted Answer

Age-graded theory states that social capital and strong social bonds built throughout life reduce the likelihood of deviant behavior in the long-term. As individuals go through their life course, various factors influence their behavior and these factors change as they age.

Quiz 5: Developmental Views of Delinquency: Life Course and Latent Trait