Question 1

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which of the following creates dependent and passive workers?
A) Weber's bureaucracy
B) Organizations as systems
C) Organizations as communities
D) Scientific management
E) Maslow's theory of human needs

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which...

Question 2

According to McGregor's Theory Y,_____.
A) people are willing to work, like responsibility, and are self-directed and creative
B) people are social and self-actualizing
C) a satisfied need does not motivate behavior
D) people at work rationally consider opportunities made available to them
E) a need is activated only when the next-lower-level need is satisfied

Accepted Answer

McGregor's Theory Y is based on the assumption that people are willing to work, like responsibility, and are self-directed and creative. This theory suggests that management should strive to create a work environment where employees can fulfill their potential and feel a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment in their work.

Question 3

At the level of _____ needs,the deficit and progression principles cease to operate.
A) self-actualization
B) social
C) safety
D) esteem
E) physiological

Accepted Answer

The deficit principle suggests that individuals are motivated to fulfill their basic physiological and safety needs first, before moving on to higher needs like love/belonging and esteem. Similarly, the progression principle suggests that individuals move up a hierarchical system of needs, with each level being dependent on satisfactory fulfillment of the previous level. However, at the level of self-actualization, individuals are motivated by the need to fulfill their full potential and engage in activities that are fulfilling and meaningful to them. This need is not driven by deficits or progression, but by the desire for personal growth and realization.

Question 4

According to Argyris,_____.
A) managers who treat people positively and as responsible adults will achieve the highest productivity
B) the principle of specialization increases opportunities for self-actualization
C) bureaucracy allows workers to control their work
D) the concept of unity of direction leads to psychological success
E) people dislike work, lack ambition, act irresponsibly, and prefer to be led

Accepted Answer

Argyris believed that treating people positively and as responsible adults leads to the highest productivity, as opposed to the belief that people dislike work and need to be controlled.

Question 5

The worker of a company is motivated by the need for security,protection,and stability in the events of his day-to-day life.According to the progression principle,which of the following needs has already been satisfied?
A) Safety needs
B) Cultural needs
C) Social needs
D) Esteem needs
E) Physiological needs

Accepted Answer

The progression principle states that individuals move up the hierarchy of needs, starting with physiological needs and then progressing to safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and finally, self-actualization needs. As the worker in the question is motivated by the need for security, protection, and stability, it can be inferred that their safety needs have already been satisfied.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
A) It does not occur to managers who hold Theory X assumptions.
B) It occurs when a person acts in ways that confirm the person's expectations.
C) It does not occur to managers who hold Theory Y assumptions.
D) It is the tendency of persons singled out for special attention to perform as expected.
E) It tries to match management practices with situational demands.

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a person acts in ways that confirm the person's expectations. For example, if a manager expects an employee to perform poorly, that employee may feel discouraged and perform poorly as a result, confirming the manager's initial expectation.

Question 7

What was the disadvantage Argyris found in Weber's bureaucratic model?
A) It would create passive, dependent workers.
B) It limits opportunities for self-actualization.
C) It would create conditions for psychological failure.
D) It creates a lenient work environment.
E) It disregards motion study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the disadvantage Argyris found in...

Question 8

Managers holding assumptions in Theory X and Theory Y believe that _____.
A) people are willing to work and like responsibility.
B) people are self-directed and creative.
C) these theories typically create responsible workers.
D) these theories create self-fulfilling prophecies.
E) these theories create opportunities to satisfy esteem and self-actualizing needs.

Accepted Answer

Theory X and Theory Y, proposed by Douglas McGregor, suggest that managers' beliefs about employee motivation can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, where employees behave in ways that confirm the managers' expectations.

Question 9

According to McGregor's Theory X,_____.
A) people are social and self-actualizing
B) a satisfied need does not motivate behavior
C) people at work rationally consider opportunities made available to them
D) a need is activated only when the next-lower-level need is satisfied
E) people dislike work, lack ambition, act irresponsibly, and prefer to be led

Accepted Answer

McGregor's Theory X assumes that people dislike work, lack ambition, act irresponsibly, and prefer to be led, which implies that they need to be coerced, controlled, or threatened to perform effectively in the workplace.

Question 10

Leonard works in a company where he receives minimum wages.He does not have sufficient money to pay his medical bills.His manager offers to award him with a "Best Worker" certificate if he increases his productivity.This offer fails to motivate him.Which of the following explains Leonard's behavior?
A) Progression principle
B) Principle of motion study
C) Deficit principle
D) Hawthorne effect
E) Weber's bureaucracy theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Leonard works in a company where he...

Question 11

The worker of a company earns a wage that provides with him good food,shelter,and a good standard of living.According to the progression principle,which of the following needs is most likely to motivate him next?
A) Recognition
B) Mastery
C) Protection
D) Self-fulfillment
E) Affection

Accepted Answer

The answer of The worker of a company earns a...

Question 12

Argyris's theory of adult personality differs from the scientific management theory in that Argyris's theory:
A) develops rules of motion.
B) develops a clear and consistent approach to work.
C) proposes excessive supervision of employees.
D) uses the concept of "time study" to improve efficiency.
E) criticizes the principle of specialization.

Accepted Answer

Argyris's theory of adult personality criticizes the principle of specialization, while scientific management theory emphasizes it. The other choices are not related to Argyris's theory.

Question 13

Recognition is an example of:
A) safety needs.
B) esteem needs.
C) self-actualization needs.
D) physiological needs.
E) social needs.

Accepted Answer

Recognition is an example of esteem needs, which are related to gaining the respect and approval of others and achieving personal achievement and self-esteem.

Question 14

The CEO of Charter & Co.has a good compensation,a house,a family,and many friends.He is respected by his employees and is recognized as an efficient manager.Now,he wants to start his own company.Which of the following needs is he responding to?
A) Social needs
B) Esteem needs
C) Physiological needs
D) Self-actualization needs
E) Safety needs

Accepted Answer

The CEO of Charter & Co. already has his physiological, safety, and social needs met, as evidenced by his good compensation, house, family, and friends. He is also fulfilling his esteem needs as a respected and efficient manager. The only need that remains is self-actualization, which is the desire to reach one's full potential and achieve one's dreams. Starting his own company would allow him to pursue this need.

Question 15

Cooper is a manager who assumes that his employees dislike work and act irresponsibly.He tries to command and control his workers in every possible way.According to the self-fulfilling prophecy,Cooper's employees are most likely to:
A) take initiatives.
B) become creative.
C) become passive.
D) be self-directed.
E) perform responsibly.

Accepted Answer

The self-fulfilling prophecy suggests that people tend to act in ways that align with the expectations of others. In this case, Cooper's assumption that his employees dislike work and act irresponsibly may lead them to internalize these negative expectations and become passive in their roles.

Question 16

Which of the following matches correctly?
A) Affection-Esteem needs
B) Protection-Self-actualization needs
C) Prestige-Safety needs
D) Physical well-being-Physiological needs
E) Mastery-Social needs

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs are the fundamental needs required for survival such as food, water, sleep, and air. Physical well-being is directly related to physiological needs, as meeting these needs is essential for maintaining physical health. Therefore, the correct match is Physical well-being-Physiological needs. The other options do not match correctly.

Question 17

Margaret is a manager who assumes that her workers are willing to perform well,like responsibility,and are self-directed.She encourages them to be more involved in their jobs and grants them reasonable freedom.Margaret's subordinates are most likely to:
A) act passively.
B) become dependent.
C) perform reluctantly.
D) perform irresponsibly.
E) take initiatives.

Accepted Answer

Margaret's approach shows trust and encouragement which will leads the subordinates to take initiatives and perform well. Hence, they are most likely to take initiatives.

Question 18

Penny is the manager at Peace,an international campaigning organization where volunteers work without being paid.According to Maslow's theory,which of the following needs should Penny focus on to increase the productivity of the volunteers?
A) Physical well-being
B) Safety
C) Esteem
D) Mastery
E) Protection

Accepted Answer

Maslow's theory suggests that human beings have a hierarchy of needs, which include physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Since the volunteers at Peace are working without being paid, it can be assumed that their physiological and safety needs are being met. Therefore, Penny should focus on increasing the volunteers' esteem needs, which includes feeling respected, valued, and recognized for their work. By focusing on fostering a culture of appreciation and recognition, Penny can increase the volunteers' motivation and productivity.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a self-actualization need?
A) Need for self-fulfillment
B) Mastery
C) Affection
D) Protection
E) Physical well-being

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization needs are related to a person's desire to reach their full potential and achieve personal growth. Need for self-fulfillment is a prime example of self-actualization needs, as it represents the desire to fulfill one's potential and achieve a sense of purpose or meaning in life. Mastery, while related, can be seen as more of a competency need or desire to excel in a particular area. Affection, protection, and physical well-being are all examples of more basic, lower-level needs.

Question 20

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which of the following may create conditions for psychological failure?
A) The deficit principle
B) The progression principle
C) The concept of motion study
D) The concept of unity of direction
E) The principle of specialization

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which...

Quiz 2: Management Learning Past to Present

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which of the following creates dependent and passive workers?

According to McGregor's Theory Y,_____.

At the level of _____ needs,the deficit and progression principles cease to operate.

According to Argyris,_____.

The worker of a company is motivated by the need for security,protection,and stability in the events of his day-to-day life.According to the progression principle,which of the following needs has already been satisfied?

Which of the following is true of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

What was the disadvantage Argyris found in Weber's bureaucratic model?

Managers holding assumptions in Theory X and Theory Y believe that _____.

According to McGregor's Theory X,_____.

The worker of a company earns a wage that provides with him good food,shelter,and a good standard of living.According to the progression principle,which of the following needs is most likely to motivate him next?

Argyris's theory of adult personality differs from the scientific management theory in that Argyris's theory:

Recognition is an example of:

The CEO of Charter & Co.has a good compensation,a house,a family,and many friends.He is respected by his employees and is recognized as an efficient manager.Now,he wants to start his own company.Which of the following needs is he responding to?

Cooper is a manager who assumes that his employees dislike work and act irresponsibly.He tries to command and control his workers in every possible way.According to the self-fulfilling prophecy,Cooper's employees are most likely to:

Which of the following matches correctly?

Margaret is a manager who assumes that her workers are willing to perform well,like responsibility,and are self-directed.She encourages them to be more involved in their jobs and grants them reasonable freedom.Margaret's subordinates are most likely to:

Penny is the manager at Peace,an international campaigning organization where volunteers work without being paid.According to Maslow's theory,which of the following needs should Penny focus on to increase the productivity of the volunteers?

Which of the following is an example of a self-actualization need?

According to Argyris's theory of adult personality,which of the following may create conditions for psychological failure?