Question 1

A common neuropsychological test of frontal-lobe damage is the
A) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
B) token test.
C) Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test.
D) digit-span test.
E) block-design test.

Accepted Answer

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a commonly used neuropsychological test that assesses the ability to form and maintain an appropriate strategy in response to changing environmental demands. It measures executive functions mediated by the prefrontal cortex and is frequently used to detect frontal lobe damage.

Question 2

In most PET and functional MRI studies of cognitive processes,the signal-to-noise ratio is increased by
A) subtraction.
B) addition.
C) signal averaging.
D) signal splitting.
E) multiplication.

Accepted Answer

Signal averaging is the process by which multiple scans or trials are averaged together to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. This technique reduces random noise while maintaining the underlying signal, thus increasing the reliability of the measurements. Subtraction, addition, signal splitting, and multiplication are not typically employed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in cognitive neuroscience studies.

Question 3

A network of brain structures that tends to be active when a person sits quietly and lets her mind wander has been termed the
A) limbic system.
B) constituent cognitive processor.
C) default mode network.
D) cerebral paradigm.
E) paired-image subtraction mode.

Accepted Answer

The given description matches the default mode network, which is a grouping of brain areas that are observed to be active when an individual is not actively focusing on the outside world or performing a task.

Question 4

Most cognitive neuroscientific research is based on the assumption that
A) complex cognitive processes result from the combination of simple constituent cognitive processes.
B) each constituent cognitive process is mediated by activity in a particular area of the brain.
C) almost all constituent cognitive processes tend to be localized in subcortical structures.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B

Accepted Answer

A and B are emphasized in the text, and students should have little difficulty recognizing that C is incorrect.

Question 5

If a rat with its hair erect,moves sideways towards another rat and then pushes against it,the
A) first rat is likely sexually motivated.
B) second rat is likely a female.
C) first rat is likely a female.
D) first rat is likely a dominant male displaying social aggression.
E) second rat is likely dominant to the first.

Accepted Answer

A rat with its hair erect is displaying a sign of aggression. If it moves sideways towards another rat and then pushes against it, this is a display of social aggression, which is typically seen in dominant males. Therefore, the first rat is likely a dominant male displaying social aggression.

Question 6

Which of the following is a commonly used measure of the sexual receptivity of female rats?
A) postejaculatory interval
B) mount frequency
C) lordosis quotient
D) number of intromissions to ejaculation
E) number of ejaculations to intromission

Accepted Answer

The lordosis quotient is a commonly used measure of the sexual receptivity of female rats. This refers to the degree of arching of the female's back during copulation. A higher lordosis quotient indicates greater receptivity.

Question 7

The elevated plus maze is commonly employed to study
A) memory in rats.
B) anxiety or defensiveness in studies of anxiolytic drugs.
C) aggression in drug experiments.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C

Accepted Answer

The elevated plus maze is commonly used to study anxiety or defensiveness in studies of anxiolytic drugs. It is not typically used to study memory or aggression.

Question 8

Which of the following is a commonly studied species-common behavior?
A) copulating
B) nest building
C) grooming
D) swimming
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

Students can either memorize the correct answer from the text or deduce it from their understanding of species common behaviors.

Question 9

Brain damage may produce selective language deficits associated with the sounds,grammar,or meaning of language.In other words,they may disrupt
A) syntax, phonology, or semantics, respectively.
B) phonology, semantics, or syntax, respectively.
C) phonology, syntax, or semantics, respectively.
D) semantics, syntax, or phonology, respectively.
E) semantics, phonology, or syntax, respectively.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C) phonology, syntax, or semantics, respectively. Phonology refers to the sounds of language, syntax to the structure or grammar, and semantics to the meaning.

Question 10

If a PET image is recorded while a patient is reading,many areas of activity on the PET image will have nothing to do with the cognitive activity of reading per se.That is why cognitive neuroscientists often use
A) functional MRI.
B) structural MRI.
C) the paired-image subtraction technique.
D) the additive-image control procedure.
E) EEG.

Accepted Answer

The paired-image subtraction technique is used by cognitive neuroscientists to isolate the brain activity specifically associated with a cognitive task, such as reading, by subtracting the brain activity recorded during a control task from the activity recorded during the task of interest. This helps in identifying the areas of the brain that are specifically involved in the cognitive process being studied, filtering out unrelated activity.

Question 11

Dyslexia is a difficulty in
A) speaking.
B) reading.
C) understanding.
D) thinking.
E) fleeming.

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that affects reading and can cause a range of challenges, including difficulty with phonological processing, word recognition, and decoding skills.

Question 12

The open-field test is usually conducted in
A) a large, empty chamber.
B) the animals' natural habitat.
C) an open space in the animals' natural habitat.
D) a thigmotaxic chamber.
E) Iowa.

Accepted Answer

The open-field test is usually conducted in a large, empty chamber where the animal is placed and its behavior is observed. This allows researchers to control the environment and standardize the test conditions for consistent results.

Question 13

Repetition priming tests are tests of
A) explicit memory.
B) implicit memory.
C) episodic memory.
D) semantic memory.
E) consolidated memory.

Accepted Answer

Repetition priming tests involve improved performance on a task due to previous exposure to a stimulus, even if the person is not consciously aware of the previous exposure. This is an aspect of implicit memory, which is memory that is not consciously recollected. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 14

In rats,boxing (rearing up and pushing with the forepaws)is usually a sign of
A) sexual motivation.
B) aggression.
C) predation.
D) defense against conspecific attack.
E) a lack of sexual motivation in alpha males.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In rats,boxing (rearing up and pushing with...

Question 15

In the open-field test,a high bolus count is frequently used as an indicator of
A) aggression.
B) fearfulness.
C) motor activity.
D) attention.
E) defense.

Accepted Answer

A high bolus count in the open-field test is often associated with increased levels of fearfulness or anxiety in animals.

Question 16

Illustrated here is the

A) Washington Symbols Test.
B) Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test.
C) classic test of parietal-lobe damage.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C

Accepted Answer

This is a classic test of frontal lobe damage.

Question 17

Normally,a male rat cannot intromit unless
A) it is all by itself.
B) it first displays lordosis.
C) the female first displays lordosis.
D) the female has a low lordosis quotient.
E) it first ejaculates.

Accepted Answer

Intromission in rats is initiated by the female displaying lordosis, a receptive posture that signals she is ready to mate. The male will then mount the female and begin intromission, during which he inserts his penis into the female's vagina. Therefore, choice C, "the female first displays lordosis," is the best answer.

Question 18

In the open-field test,thigmotaxia is often used as a measure of
A) body temperature.
B) fearfulness.
C) sexual motivation.
D) obesity.
E) aggression.

Accepted Answer

Thigmotaxia refers to the tendency of an animal to stay close to walls or other boundaries. In the open-field test, increased thigmotaxic behavior is often interpreted as a measure of fearfulness or anxiety. Animals that are more anxious or fearful are thought to seek out the perceived safety of walls and boundaries, while less anxious animals explore the open space more freely. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 19

The elevated plus maze is a commonly used test of
A) balance.
B) learning.
C) memory.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The elevated plus maze is a commonly used test of defensiveness or anxiety in the study of anxiolytic drugs.

Question 20

Which of the following is a commonly used measure of male rat sexual behavior?
A) number of mounts required to achieve an intromission
B) number of intromissions required to achieve an ejaculation
C) duration of the interval between an ejaculation and the reinitiation of mounting
D) all of the above
E) both A and B

Accepted Answer

All three of the correct options are listed in the text.

Quiz 5: The Research Methods of Biopsychology

A common neuropsychological test of frontal-lobe damage is the

In most PET and functional MRI studies of cognitive processes,the signal-to-noise ratio is increased by

A network of brain structures that tends to be active when a person sits quietly and lets her mind wander has been termed the

Most cognitive neuroscientific research is based on the assumption that

If a rat with its hair erect,moves sideways towards another rat and then pushes against it,the

Which of the following is a commonly used measure of the sexual receptivity of female rats?

The elevated plus maze is commonly employed to study

Which of the following is a commonly studied species-common behavior?

Brain damage may produce selective language deficits associated with the sounds,grammar,or meaning of language.In other words,they may disrupt

If a PET image is recorded while a patient is reading,many areas of activity on the PET image will have nothing to do with the cognitive activity of reading per se.That is why cognitive neuroscientists often use

Dyslexia is a difficulty in

The open-field test is usually conducted in

Repetition priming tests are tests of

In rats,boxing (rearing up and pushing with the forepaws) is usually a sign of

In the open-field test,a high bolus count is frequently used as an indicator of

Illustrated here is the

Normally,a male rat cannot intromit unless

In the open-field test,thigmotaxia is often used as a measure of

The elevated plus maze is a commonly used test of

Which of the following is a commonly used measure of male rat sexual behavior?