Question 1

The frustration-aggression hypothesis was modified because of research that indicated that:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that cognitive factors, such as interpreting a situation as non-threatening or having a goal other than aggression, can override the impulse toward aggression when frustrated. This modification to the frustration-aggression hypothesis acknowledges the role of cognitive processes in aggressive behavior.

Question 2

A college coed is found dead near an off-ramp of Highway 15.The police determine that she was raped and tortured before being killed.This act apparently was committed by a(n):

Accepted Answer

The fact that the victim was not only raped but also tortured before being killed points towards the involvement of a sadistic rapist. Such rapists derive pleasure in inflicting pain and suffering on their victims. This kind of violence is beyond what is required for sexual gratification and is usually linked to the desire for power and control over another person.

Question 3

Freud theorized that engaging in aggressive behavior could get rid of pent-up emotions.This notion is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The notion of engaging in aggressive behavior to release pent-up emotions is known as catharsis. Sigmund Freud proposed that individuals could reduce their aggressive urges by expressing them through aggressive behavior, such as hitting a punching bag or yelling at someone. This release of built-up emotions is called catharsis.

Question 4

Tony,a nine-year-old with a history of aggression problems,is playing in the park.Tommy comes over and says "Hi" to Tony.Then Tony responds with insults and jumps on Tommy and hits him repeatedly.This is an example of how aggressive children:

Accepted Answer

Aggressive children often misinterpret nonharmful social cues as aggressive or threatening, leading them to react with physical or verbal aggression. In this case, Tony's aggression towards Tommy was a result of misinterpreting his friendly greeting as a threat.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes catharsis?

Accepted Answer

Catharsis refers to the release of suppressed emotions. "Letting off some steam" best describes this process. Choice A refers to cooking and choice B is a phrase used to express anger or frustration. Choice D is a quote referencing judgment and sin, which is not related to the concept of catharsis.

Question 6

Media portrayals of sexual behavior reinforce the idea that:

Accepted Answer

Media portrayals often depict sexual aggression as acceptable or normal, which can contribute to societal norms that tolerate or excuse aggressive behavior.

Question 7

John thinks a woman who accepts a ride from a strange male is responsible if she gets raped.This belief is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

John's belief that a woman who accepts a ride from a stranger is responsible if she gets raped is an example of a rape myth, which is a false or inaccurate belief about rape and sexual assault that blames victims and excuses perpetrators.

Question 8

The majority of rapes are committed by:

Accepted Answer

According to research, the majority of rapes are committed by power rapists who seek to assert their dominance and control over their victims. Anger rapists may also be a significant portion of rapists, but they are typically motivated by rage rather than a desire for power. Sadistic rapists seek pleasure from inflicting pain on their victims, but this is a less common type of rapist. Rapists who are out to physically hurt someone may also exist, but this is not a recognized category of rapist.

Question 9

One program to curb aggression in children focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Teaching children problem-solving skills can help them find alternative ways to deal with conflicts and reduces the need for aggressive behavior. Reduction of testosterone, genetic screening and counseling, and attitude change and persuasion are not proven methods for curbing aggression in children.

Question 10

Most researchers agree that the primary motivation for rape is:

Accepted Answer

Although rape can involve sexual urges and desires, research has consistently shown that the primary motivation for rape is related to aggression, power, and control. This is supported by evidence from both clinical studies and self-reports by convicted rapists. Catharsis and social inhibition may play a role in some cases, but they are not the primary motivation for most rapes.

Question 11

A convicted rapist admits that he often carried a weapon.However,he swears that he carried it with the intention of using it to overcome his victim more easily but not to harm her.It is likely that this person is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

The individual in question is demonstrating behavior consistent with a power rapist. Power rapists use violence or the threat of violence to assert dominance and control over their victims. Carrying a weapon with the intent to use it for easier and more forceful victimization is characteristic of power rapists.

Question 12

Reports circulate around Pacific Beach about a rapist who accompanies sexual acts of short duration with abusive language and physical trauma to the victim.Which type of rapist is at large in Pacific Beach?

Accepted Answer

The described behavior aligns with the characteristics of an anger rapist, who is motivated by rage and expresses it through physical violence and abusive language during the act.

Question 13

Three-year-old Katy has just had her baby sister tear up an art project that Katy had been working on.Katy is obviously frustrated,since she put much time and effort into the picture.But she doesn't hit her sister because "Mom says we can't hit." This would have been predicted by the:

Accepted Answer

The modified frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that frustration leads to aggression only when people are prevented from achieving a goal and there are no norms or cues that inhibit aggressive responses. In this case, Katy's decision not to hit her sister despite her frustration is because of the norm or rule her mother has set ("Mom says we can't hit"), which aligns with the principles of the modified frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Question 14

A group of college students decided to go to a hockey game on Friday night and "blow off some steam." What does the research reveal about catharsis?

Accepted Answer

The research reveals that catharsis may actually increase aggression rather than reduce it. This means that going to a hockey game with the intention of "blowing off some steam" may actually backfire and make the college students more aggressive.

Question 15

Guy believes that if he goes out on a date with a woman he knows and pays for a nice dinner,she needs to have sex with him.He uses verbal coercion to force his date to have sex.Guy is most likely a(n):

Accepted Answer

Guy's belief that a woman owes him sex in exchange for a nice dinner and his use of verbal coercion to force his date to have sex align with the behaviors of an acquaintance rapist, who is someone known to the victim and uses manipulation or coercion rather than physical force.

Question 16

How did the governor of Texas arrive at the decision to support a mandatory vaccination for girls to prevent HPV?

Accepted Answer

The question does not provide any information suggesting that the governor's decision was based on side effects or personal experience with HPV. The fact that health insurance companies would cover the expenses is also not mentioned as a factor. Therefore, the most logical answer is that the governor arrived at the decision to support mandatory vaccination after weighing the pros and cons.

Question 17

An aggressive child enrolled in an anger control program would likely learn to do all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The goal of an anger control program is to teach the child how to manage their aggressive behavior in a healthy manner. Hitting a doll or pillow may temporarily release aggressive tension but does not address the root cause of the behavior, and may even reinforce violent behavior in the long run. The other options, such as using self-statements, generating nonaggressive solutions, and expecting reinforcers for appropriate behavior, are all effective ways to manage anger and promote healthy behaviors.

Question 18

Which of the following is not among the cognitive-behavioral deficits among children who have aggression problems?

Accepted Answer

The other options (A, B, and D) are all recognized cognitive-behavioral deficits among children who have aggression problems, but option C is not. Aggressive children tend to use maladaptive, rather than adaptive solutions to problems, such as aggression, physical force or intimidation.

Question 19

Those against requiring all teen girls to be vaccinated against HPV argued that:

Accepted Answer

Doing so undermines abstinence as the best method to avoid HPV

Question 20

When compared to men who are not sexually aggressive,men who are,tend to:

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that men who are sexually aggressive tend to perceive women as showing sexual interest in nonsexual situations even when there is no evidence to support this perception. This is known as the hostile attribution bias, and it contributes to men's tendency to engage in sexually aggressive behavior.

Quiz 25: Social Psychology