Question 1

By middle adulthood,thinking is characterized by an increase in __________.

Accepted Answer

By middle adulthood, individuals typically have specialized in certain areas of expertise, which leads to an increase in specialized thinking. Processing speed may decline with age, emotional intensity may decrease, and while self-expression can vary, it is not a defining characteristic of middle adulthood thinking.

Question 2

Older adults' ability to __________ is impaired relative to younger adults'.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that older adults have more difficulty with recall memory, particularly free recall of studied information, compared to younger adults. This is due to changes in the brain's structure and function with age that affect memory processes. However, older adults can still access procedural memory (B) and remember career-related tasks (C), and may even have better problem-solving abilities (D) due to their wealth of life experience.

Question 3

Middle-aged adults display continued cognitive growth in the realm of __________.

Accepted Answer

Practical problem solving. Research has shown that middle-aged adults tend to have a more strategic approach to problem-solving and are able to draw upon their wealth of life experience when tackling practical problems. They may also have increased knowledge and expertise in their field, which allows them to solve problems more effectively. While cognitive inhibition, flexible shifting, and continuous performance tasks also play important roles in cognitive functioning, they are not typically associated with continued growth in middle adulthood.

Question 4

Which statement is true about vocational life and cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that engagement in complex work can enhance cognitive flexibility and increase cognitive reserve, which can help offset age-related decline in cognitive abilities. In other words, complex work augments later cognitive flexibility, rather than the other way around. Additionally, cognitive flexibility tends to be responsive to work experiences in early adulthood and beyond, though it may not be as strongly influenced by work experiences in midlife.

Question 5

With regard to scientific knowledge,Ross has an extensive,highly organized,and integrated knowledge base that can be used to support a high level of performance.Ross has __________ in science.

Accepted Answer

The term "expertise" accurately describes Ross's extensive, highly organized, and integrated knowledge base in science. Intuition refers to a more instinctual and less knowledge-based decision-making process, while metacognitive knowledge involves understanding one's own thought processes, and emotional intelligence relates to the ability to understand and manage one's own and others' emotions.

Question 6

Middle-aged adults tend to be rational decision makers because they __________.

Accepted Answer

Middle-aged adults have typically gained experience through their years of working and living, allowing them to use practical problem-solving strategies rather than relying on emotion or the input of others.

Question 7

Which scientist is most likely at the height of expertise?

Accepted Answer

Generally, expertise comes with experience and years of practice. Therefore, Dr. Lucerno, at age 49, is more likely to be at the height of expertise compared to the other options. The other options are still relatively young in their careers and may still have much to learn and experience before reaching their full potential.

Question 8

Maria has trouble remembering where she parks her car in the large office parking lot.Therefore,she decides to park in the same area of the parking lot every day.She is using __________ knowledge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maria has trouble remembering where she parks...

Question 9

In solving a math problem,Herman uses __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory is the type of memory that involves the recall of skills and procedures, such as solving a math problem. This type of memory is used to carry out tasks that have been previously learned through repetition and practice.

Question 10

Those adult learners reporting high psychological stress typically include __________.

Accepted Answer

Married women with nonsupportive partners often report high psychological stress due to the dual pressures of managing household responsibilities and pursuing further education or career goals without adequate support from their partners.

Question 11

Bronson manages a fast-food restaurant.Which individual with similar qualifications and years of experience should he hire if he is looking for adept,attentive,competent customer service?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bronson manages a fast-food restaurant.Which individual with...

Question 12

Which individual is most likely to be at the peak of creative accomplishment?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that peak creativity tends to occur in the 40s and 50s, so Shaunte, age 42, and Delbert, age 57, are both more likely to be at the peak of their creative accomplishments compared to Tiesha, age 26, and Cecil, age 31.

Question 13

Which statement is true about becoming a student in midlife?

Accepted Answer

Studies show that life transitions such as career changes, empty nest syndrome, or personal growth can trigger a return to college in midlife. Option A is incorrect as the demographics of adult learners show both men and women in relatively equal numbers. Option C is incorrect as the highest rise in adult enrollment is actually among those over age 30. Option D is also incorrect as students over age 25 make up about 38 percent of total enrollment in U.S. colleges.

Question 14

In college,__________ tend to take fewer credits and progress at a slower pace.

Accepted Answer

Older women often have more responsibilities outside of school, such as work or family care, which can lead to them taking fewer credits and progressing at a slower pace in college.

Question 15

With age,many creators __________.

Accepted Answer

As creators age, they tend to have more life experiences and accumulated knowledge, which can lead to works that integrate multiple ideas and perspectives. This can be seen in the works of artists such as Picasso and Beethoven, who continued to produce innovative and multifaceted works despite their aging.

Question 16

In an investigation of World War II veterans,those scoring lower in IQ in early adulthood __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an investigation of World War II...

Question 17

Which author is more likely to produce his or her most frequently cited works at a younger age?

Accepted Answer

Poets are more likely to produce their most frequently cited works at a younger age compared to authors in other genres, as poetry often relies on intense emotion and innovative perspectives, which can be more prevalent in younger poets.

Question 18

Mature-age adult learners list __________ as the most common reason for not completing their degrees.

Accepted Answer

Mature-age adult learners often have responsibilities such as work, family, and financial obligations, which can lead to role overload and make it difficult to balance their studies with their other commitments. This is cited as the most common reason for not completing their degrees. The other options, such as the amount of homework, the fast pace of classes, and failure to achieve high grades, may certainly pose challenges, but they are not typically cited as the primary reason for dropping out of school.

Question 19

Which statement is true about middle-aged students' performance on working memory tasks?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that middle-aged adults tend to show declines in working memory performance, but mostly in pressured conditions. In fact, they often perform similar to younger adults in self-paced conditions. Therefore, option C is the correct statement. Options A and B are false, while option D is partially true, but not accurate as it implies that middle-aged adults always perform well under pressure.

Question 20

In a study examining the diverse ingredients of expert performance,middle-aged adults performed more competently than younger adults in tasks involving __________.

Accepted Answer

Middle-aged adults often outperform younger adults in tasks that require organizational skills, as they typically have more experience and have developed more efficient strategies for organizing and managing information and tasks.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood