Question 1

Basic strengths are interdependent; these strengths cannot develop until the strengths associated with the previous stages have been confirmed.

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of Positive Psychology, basic strengths are interdependent and build upon each other. Therefore, the development of a later strength is dependent upon the previous stage's strengths being confirmed and developed.

Question 2

Autonomy versus shame is associated with the locomotor-genital stage,which occurs between the ages of three to five.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy versus shame and doubt is associated with the early childhood stage, typically occurring between the ages of 18 months to 3 years, according to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. The locomotor-genital stage is not a term used in Erikson's theory; instead, the initiative versus guilt stage follows, covering ages 3 to 5.

Question 3

The basic strength called purpose should be realized during the muscular-anal stage,which is characterized by Autonomy versus Doubt and Shame.

Accepted Answer

The basic strength called purpose should be realized during the locomotor-genital stage, characterized by Initiative versus Guilt, not during the muscular-anal stage, which is characterized by Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt according to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.

Question 4

Personality development is affected by both biological and social factors,or both personal and situational variables.

Accepted Answer

Personality development is a complex process that is influenced by a range of biological, environmental, social, and personal factors. While genetics and other biological factors play a role in shaping personality, social experiences and environmental influences are also important. Personal variables, such as beliefs and values, interact with situational variables, such as life events and experiences, to shape personality development over time. Therefore, personality development is affected by both biological and social factors, or both personal and situational variables.

Question 5

The basic strength that emerges from intimacy of the young adult years is love.

Accepted Answer

Intimacy in young adult years can lead to the development of deep and meaningful relationships, which can ultimately result in the experience of love.

Question 6

To minimize life's confusion,adolescents often idolize and over-identify with a teacher,a television or motion picture star,an athlete,or even a friend.Was there someone in your adolescent years you idolized,or at least patterned your life after at that particular time? Why or why not? Was this over-identification helpful? Harmful? Was this relationship encouraging,sincere,and genuine; which encompasses the basic strength of fidelity,according to Erikson?

Accepted Answer

The answer of To minimize life's confusion,adolescents often idolize and...

Question 7

Erikson is best known for his eight stages of psychosocial development.Choose one stage and (A)identify when this stage occurs, (B)give a general description of a positive and negative development of this stage,and (C)describe and give a real-life example of a positive and a negative conclusion by the end of this stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erikson is best known for his eight...

Question 8

The stage of maturity indicated by Erikson as Generativity versus Stagnation is usually when a person might resolve the crisis of his basic ego identity.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stage of Generativity versus Stagnation is typically experienced in middle adulthood (ages 40-65), focusing on contributing to society and helping to guide future generations. The crisis of basic ego identity is primarily addressed in the earlier stage of Identity vs. Role Confusion, which occurs in adolescence.

Question 9

One of Erikson's most important contributions to personality theory is his concept of

Accepted Answer

Erikson's most important contribution to personality theory is his concept of personality development across the lifespan. He proposed eight stages of psychosocial development, each with a unique challenge or crisis to be resolved in order for the individual to progress to the next stage. This theory emphasizes the importance of social and cultural influences on personality development and highlights the lifelong nature of personality growth and change.

Question 10

A person who fails to achieve a cohesive identity will experience a confusion of their roles and thus will have an identity crisis.

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, failure to achieve a cohesive identity during adolescence can result in confusion of roles and an identity crisis.

Question 11

Care is the basic strength that emerges from generativity in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, generativity in adulthood leads to the development of the basic strength of care. This means that as adults, we are able to care for and nurture others, whether that be our own children, friends, or community.

Question 12

Erikson argued that we are not entirely governed by innate biological factors at work in the stages of development,although they are relatively important.

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that social and cultural factors also play a significant role in shaping our development throughout the stages of life.

Question 13

Erikson's theory allows for optimism and the possibility for a positive outcome in each stage of personality development.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development includes the idea that individuals can develop positively and overcome challenges in each stage, leading to a sense of mastery and confidence in their abilities. This view is generally optimistic and hopeful, allowing for the potential for growth and development throughout the lifespan.

Question 14

Rather than just reflecting on the past,Erikson believed older people must remain active,be vital participants in life,while seeking challenges and stimulation from their environment.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that individuals continue to face and resolve developmental challenges throughout their lifespan. For older adults, the focus shifts from establishing a sense of identity and intimacy to generativity and integrity. This involves remaining active and engaged in life while seeking new challenges and opportunities for growth. Erikson did not believe that older people should only reflect on the past or disengage from life.

Question 15

In response to charges that his concepts are ambiguous and poorly defined,Erikson cited

Accepted Answer

Erikson acknowledged his artistic temperament and lack of formal scientific training, which contributed to the ambiguity and lack of precise definitions in his concepts.

Question 16

Erikson's theory has been criticized because it is

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory has been criticized for its incomplete description of the last stage of maturity, which he called "Integrity vs. Despair." Critics argue that the theory does not adequately capture the complexity of later life and the experiences of older adults. Additionally, some argue that the theory focuses too heavily on individual development and may not be as applicable to broader societal changes or contexts. However, while the theory may not be universally applicable, it has generated significant research and continues to be influential in many fields of psychology.

Question 17

The basic strength associated with the final stage of maturity and old age is hope.

Accepted Answer

The basic strength associated with the final stage of maturity and old age, according to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, is wisdom, not hope.

Question 18

Erikson believed that all institutions - whether business,government,social service,or academic-related - provide opportunities for us to express ego integrity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erikson believed that all institutions - whether...

Question 19

According to Erikson,in the latency stage of psychosocial development the child's growing powers of deductive reasoning and the ability to play by rules lead to the deliberate refinement of the skills displayed in building things.

Accepted Answer

Erikson believed that in the latency stage (ages 6-11), children further develop their cognitive abilities and become more competent in social interactions. This leads to the refinement of skills, including those involved in building things.

Question 20

Erikson's theory of personality development involves a series of personal constructs and ego-idealizations.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of personality development involves a series of eight stages, each characterized by a specific psychosocial conflict that must be resolved for healthy personality development to occur. It does not primarily focus on personal constructs and ego-idealizations.

Quiz 6: Erik Erikson: Identity Theory