Question 1

Which of the following describes the meaning of the term "glass ceiling"?

Accepted Answer

The term "glass ceiling" refers to an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to higher positions in the workplace, despite their qualifications and abilities. It is a metaphorical way of describing the social and institutional biases that limit opportunities for certain groups of people.

Question 2

According to 2006 Statistics Canada information, which of the following describes the female-to-male earnings ratio?

Accepted Answer

According to the 2006 Statistics Canada information, the female-to-male earnings ratio varies according to age. This means that the ratio changes as women and men age and progress in their careers. It does not favour women these days, nor has it been eliminated due to pay equity legislation in the various provinces. It also does not indicate an even ratio between women and men.

Question 3

Which of the following hypotheses argues that women are paid less because the work they perform is socially defined as less valuable than the work performed by men?

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis that argues that women are paid less because the work they perform is socially defined as less valuable than the work performed by men is called the devaluation hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that the gender pay gap is a result of societal biases about the value of "women's work" as compared to "men's work."

Question 4

Which of the following describes the wage gap between men and women in Canada?

Accepted Answer

The wage gap between men and women in Canada exists in all occupational categories, not just specific low-paying or part-time jobs. Research has shown that on average, women earn about 87 cents for every dollar earned by men. However, the gap may vary depending on factors such as education, experience, and industry.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a "pink-collar" job?

Accepted Answer

Pink-collar jobs typically refer to roles traditionally held by women and often involve clerical or administrative work, such as a part-time secretary.

Question 6

Which hypothesis sees differences between the earnings of women and men as the result of differences between women's and men's levels of education, skills, training, and work experience?

Accepted Answer

The human capital hypothesis explains gender pay disparities as the result of differences in education, skills, and work experience between men and women. This perspective argues that women are paid less because they have less human capital than men, not because of discrimination or sexism.

Question 7

Since 1980, what has happened to the number of women with university degrees?

Accepted Answer

According to the information given, the number of women with university degrees has "almost tripled" since 1980.

Question 8

In which year were women granted the right to vote in federal elections in Canada?

Accepted Answer

Women were granted the right to vote in federal elections in Canada in 1918 with the passage of the Federal Elections Act. However, it's worth noting that Indigenous women were not granted the right to vote until much later - it wasn't until 1960 that all Indigenous people in Canada were granted the right to vote in federal elections.

Question 9

According to Guy and Newman, which type of labour that women typically engage in is devalued?

Accepted Answer

Guy and Newman argue that emotional labor, which women typically engage in, is devalued. Emotional labor involves managing one's own feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job, a type of work often found in service-oriented or caregiving professions where women are predominantly employed.

Question 10

Who was Canada's first female prime minister?

Accepted Answer

Kim Campbell was Canada's first and only female Prime Minister.

Question 11

Queer theorists would argue that gender is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Queer theorists would argue that gender is...

Question 12

Generally speaking, which of the following applies to Canadian women and political participation?

Accepted Answer

While progress has been made in recent years, women are still underrepresented in Canadian politics. According to a 2019 report by Equal Voice, men hold approximately 71% of federal seats and 65% of provincial/territorial seats. Furthermore, studies have shown that women are less likely to be elected to positions of greater political importance, such as premiers or party leaders.

Question 13

In Canada, which of the following occupations has four times as many women as men?

Accepted Answer

According to Statistics Canada, elementary school teaching positions in Canada have roughly four times as many women as men. In 2016, 82% of elementary school teachers were women.

Question 14

What kind of sexism refers to the ways in which the belief system of a society-its norms, values, beliefs, and symbols-perpetuates the subordination of an individual or group because of the sex classification of that individual or group?

Accepted Answer

Cultural sexism refers to the pervasive ideas, values, norms, and beliefs in a society that endorse and perpetuate gender inequality and the subordination of individuals based on their sex. This form of sexism is embedded in the cultural fabric of a society, influencing attitudes, behaviors, and the socialization process.

Question 15

Recently, legislation aimed at getting rid of some of the structural sexism in Canada has focused on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Legislation in Canada has been aimed at achieving substantive equality, which goes beyond formal equality (treating everyone the same) to address the underlying structural inequalities and barriers faced by marginalized groups. This approach seeks to ensure that everyone has equal opportunities and outcomes, regardless of differences in identity or background.

Question 16

Which type of sexism refers to the ways in which the organization of society, and specifically its institutions, subordinates individuals and groups based on their sex classification?

Accepted Answer

Structural sexism refers to the ways in which societal institutions and structures perpetuate gender inequality, such as unequal pay or limited access to certain careers due to gender classification. Reverse sexism is not a recognized form of sexism, cultural sexism is related to societal attitudes and beliefs about gender, and manifest sexism refers to overtly discriminatory actions or statements.

Question 17

Which of the following is referred to as occupational sex segregation?

Accepted Answer

Occupational sex segregation refers to the phenomenon of certain occupations being dominated by either men or women. This can result in a gender wage gap and limited career opportunities for individuals in occupations dominated by a gender that is not their own.

Question 18

According to Olson, women tend to earn fewer doctoral degrees for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

Olson suggests that women often choose marriage and motherhood over pursuing career paths, which can lead to earning fewer doctoral degrees.

Question 19

In which province(s) were women over the age of 21 first granted the right to vote in provincial elections?

Accepted Answer

Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta were the first provinces in Canada to grant women over the age of 21 the right to vote in provincial elections, starting in 1916. This was a significant milestone in the Canadian women's suffrage movement.

Question 20

Which of the following is another name for structural sexism?

Accepted Answer

Institutional sexism, also known as systematic or structural sexism, refers to the ways in which societal institutions such as the government, legal system, healthcare, education, and media perpetuate gender-based discrimination and inequalities. It is different from mere individual prejudices or biases and is deeply embedded in the structure and functioning of these institutions.

Quiz 7: Gender Inequality