Question 1

A trait, which is not inherited, is

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms are learned through socialization and are not inherited genetically. The other options have some level of genetic influence or heritability.

Question 2

Self-fulfilling prophecy is a concept that proposes a person will behave

Accepted Answer

Self-fulfilling prophecy is based on the idea that a person's beliefs and expectations about a situation can have a significant impact on their behavior and, ultimately, on the outcome of the situation. Therefore, a person who is perceived in a certain way by others may behave in ways that are consistent with that perception, leading to the fulfillment of the initial expectation. This process can create a self-fulfilling prophecy, as the person's behavior reinforces and solidifies the initial perception.

Question 3

What are personality traits

Accepted Answer

Personality traits are enduring characteristics that describe an individual's behavior. They are relatively stable over time and across different situations. Personality traits may include things like openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, among others.

Question 4

SCENARIO 2-4 Sally is assembling a team to work on a long-term project, which requires creativity, stamina, and farsightedness.This project is important for the future growth of Sally's organization and she recognizes that she must succeed.Sally is in the process of selecting individuals who will significantly contribute to the project.The only information available to Sally is the Myers-Briggs type of each individual.Sally must use her knowledge of the four basic characteristics of each person to choose individuals appropriate for various roles.
Sally needs an individual who is innovative and individualistic to help push the project beyond the normal practices of the company.With a strong leadership from others, she wants to find a person who will bring innovative ideas to the team.She will probably choose

Accepted Answer

Sally is looking for someone who is innovative and individualistic, and the Myers-Briggs type that fits this description the most is the ENTP. ENTPs are known for their creativity, their ability to think outside the box, and their non-conformity. They thrive in environments that allow them to explore new possibilities and challenge old assumptions. As a result, they are often seen as natural leaders, and Sally's project would benefit from having an ENTP on the team to help push it beyond the normal practices of the company.

Question 5

SCENARIO 2-5 You are the manager of a small retail store and have decided to apply the Big Five Model in order to understand your employees and their work habits.
Which of the five personality dimensions are probably most important in predicting the job performance of your employees

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is the most important dimension in predicting job performance because it is associated with being responsible, dependable, and organized. These traits are particularly important in a retail setting where employees need to be able to complete tasks accurately and on time, handle customer interactions effectively, and keep track of inventory and sales data. While the other dimensions may also be relevant in certain contexts, conscientiousness is consistently identified as the most important predictor of job performance across a wide range of industries and job types.

Question 6

A term that best describes an extraverted, sensing, thinking, judging person is

Accepted Answer

An extraverted, sensing, thinking, judging person is likely to be organized and enjoy structure. They tend to rely on facts and logic rather than emotions, and prefer to plan and take action rather than wait for things to happen. They may not be as outgoing and talkative as other extraverts, but they still enjoy socializing and can be very efficient and productive in their work.

Question 7

Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs is known as

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping involves making assumptions or generalizations about an individual based solely on their membership in a particular group. It can lead to unfair judgments and discrimination. Projection refers to attributing one's own characteristics, feelings, or motivations to others. The halo effect occurs when one's overall positive impression of a person influences evaluations of their specific traits or abilities. Selective perception is the tendency to selectively interpret what one sees or hears based on one's own beliefs and attitudes. Contrast effects refer to the influence that a previous stimulus or experience has on the perception of a subsequent one.

Question 8

SCENARIO 2-5 You are the manager of a small retail store and have decided to apply the Big Five Model in order to understand your employees and their work habits.
Mike Jackson, one of your newest employees, is an extravert.Which of the following statements will not describe Mike

Accepted Answer

Extraverts generally thrive in social situations and prefer to be around people. They tend to become restless or bored when working alone for long periods of time. Therefore, D is the statement that will not describe Mike, who is an extravert.

Question 9

Characteristics of individuals high in Machiavellianism include which of the following

Accepted Answer

Machiavellianism is characterized by being pragmatic and believing that the ends can justify the means. Maintaining emotional distance is also a common trait, as Machiavellians are focused on achieving their goals and are willing to use manipulative tactics. Highly authoritative and swift discipline are not necessarily characteristic of Machiavellianism, and empathy for employees is not a common trait.

Question 10

If co-workers noted that you are relaxed at home but become tense and anxious at work, they are attributing your behaviour to which of the following

Accepted Answer

Situational conditions refer to the external factors that affect an individual's behavior in a particular situation. In this case, the co-workers are noting a change in behavior between the home and work environment, suggesting that external situational factors at work may be causing the individual to feel tense and anxious.

Question 11

Within the framework of the Big Five Personality Factors, openness to experience is a personality factor that describes the degree to which a person is

Accepted Answer

Openness to experience refers to traits such as imagination, creativity, and a willingness to try new things. These characteristics are often associated with individuals who are artistically sensitive, curious, and flexible, making choice C the best fit for this description. Options A, B, D, and E relate to other personality factors, such as extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, and conscientiousness, respectively.

Question 12

An environmental factor that might influence personality is

Accepted Answer

School experience could influence personality as it exposes children to various social and environmental factors such as peers, teachers, academic challenges, and extracurricular activities that can shape their personality traits.

Question 13

Individuals who rate high in risk-taking

Accepted Answer

Individuals who rate high in risk-taking often use less information to make decisions because they are more comfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity.

Question 14

When Jose passed new employee's office, he was reminded of Tina, the manager of the sales department; Jose noticed that both seemed to have messy desks with lots of papers piled on them.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a contrast effect because Jose is comparing the messy desks of the new employee and Tina, assuming that because they both have messy desks, they are similar in other ways. This is a contrast to the norm or expectation of having a clean and organized workspace.

Question 15

SCENARIO 2-5 You are the manager of a small retail store and have decided to apply the Big Five Model in order to understand your employees and their work habits.
Jane Simpson rates low on conscientiousness.You should expect she would

Accepted Answer

People who score low on conscientiousness tend to be spontaneous, careless, and easily distracted. Therefore, it is likely that Jane will also be easily distracted.

Question 16

People with high self-monitoring personalities

Accepted Answer

People with high self-monitoring personalities tend to be more aware of the behaviour of others than low self-monitors. They are adept at adjusting their behaviour to fit into different social situations and are sensitive to cues from others, making them more socially aware.

Question 17

SCENARIO 2-4 Sally is assembling a team to work on a long-term project, which requires creativity, stamina, and farsightedness.This project is important for the future growth of Sally's organization and she recognizes that she must succeed.Sally is in the process of selecting individuals who will significantly contribute to the project.The only information available to Sally is the Myers-Briggs type of each individual.Sally must use her knowledge of the four basic characteristics of each person to choose individuals appropriate for various roles.
Sally is also looking for an organized person who will be practical and realistic about timelines and budgets.She will probably pick

Accepted Answer

ESTJs are known for their organizational skills, practicality, and ability to handle details effectively. They prefer structure and order and are likely to be very realistic about budgets and timelines. This type is a good choice for Sally when looking for someone to fill an organized role.

Question 18

People who show initiative and persevere are

Accepted Answer

People who show initiative and persevere are likely to have a proactive personality, which is characterized by taking action, being persistent in achieving goals, and seeking out opportunities for growth and development. This personality trait is associated with success and effectiveness in various settings, including work, school, and personal life. The other options, such as high extroversion, type A personality, high propensity for risk-taking, or type B personality, may have some overlap with proactive personality but do not fully capture the qualities of initiative and perseverance.

Question 19

Gillian was very upset that others perceived her as lazy.This bothered her so much that she began to neglect her work responsibilities and began to spend most of her time surfing the Internet.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, where Gillian's belief that others see her as lazy leads her to behave in a way that confirms that perception. She neglects her work responsibilities and spends time on the Internet, which further reinforces the belief that she is lazy.

Question 20

SCENARIO 2-4 Sally is assembling a team to work on a long-term project, which requires creativity, stamina, and farsightedness.This project is important for the future growth of Sally's organization and she recognizes that she must succeed.Sally is in the process of selecting individuals who will significantly contribute to the project.The only information available to Sally is the Myers-Briggs type of each individual.Sally must use her knowledge of the four basic characteristics of each person to choose individuals appropriate for various roles.
Sally needs to choose a lead person for the team.This person must have vision, be creative and energetic as it will take great drive to complete the project on time.Sally will probably pick

Accepted Answer

INTJ individuals are known for their strong leadership qualities, strategic thinking, and ability to see the big picture. They are also highly creative, often coming up with innovative solutions to complex problems. With their drive and determination, an INTJ would make an excellent choice as a lead person for this project. The other options may also have some of the necessary qualities, but none embody all the traits required for the role quite like an INTJ.

Quiz 2: Perception Personality and Emotions