Question 1

Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of psychosocial development in children?

Accepted Answer

Infants in the trust versus mistrust stage are completely dependent on their primary caregivers for their survival and development. They must learn to trust their caregivers to provide for their basic needs such as food, warmth, and comfort. Failure to establish trust during this stage can lead to feelings of mistrust and a negative outlook on the world.

Question 2

Erikson labeled the years of about__________the stage of industry versus inferiority

Accepted Answer

Erikson labeled the years of about 6 to 12 as the stage of industry versus inferiority. This stage occurs during middle childhood and involves children developing a sense of competence and skill in various areas of life, such as academics, sports, and the arts. Children who are successful in this stage develop a sense of confidence and pride in their abilities, while those who struggle may feel inferior and inadequate.

Question 3

The cessation of menstruation is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Menopause is the natural cessation of menstruation in women, typically occurring in their late 40s or early 50s. Menarche is the onset of menstruation, which occurs during puberty. Ovulation is the process in which an ovum is released from the ovary for fertilization. Andropause is a term used to describe a decline in testosterone levels in men, which may occur as they age.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of the hearing capability of newborns?

Accepted Answer

Newborns are capable of hearing well when they are born. However, their hearing is not fully developed and they may have difficulty distinguishing between different sounds.

Question 5

According to psychologist Erik Erikson, late adulthood is the stage of _____.

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson theorized that late adulthood (ages 65 and older) is the stage of ego integrity versus despair. In this stage, individuals reflect upon their lives and evaluate whether their accomplishments and relationships were meaningful and fulfilling. If they feel a sense of satisfaction and acceptance, they develop a feeling of ego integrity. If they feel regret or that their life lacked purpose, they may experience despair.

Question 6

__________is best described as the mental flexibility shown in learning rapidly to solve new kinds of problems.

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge. It involves the ability to identify patterns, logic in sequences, and solve problems by applying reasoning skills and has little to do with the knowledge one has learned previously.

Question 7

Which of the following is a feature of the germinal stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

The germinal stage lasts from fertilization to implantation, during which the zygote is dividing repeatedly while moving towards the uterus. The major organ systems begin to form during the embryonic stage (weeks 2-8). The mother begins to feel fetal movements during the fetal stage (week 9 until birth).

Question 8

The__________is a part of the limbic system involved in discriminating emotions, including fear.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure located within the limbic system of the brain. One of its primary functions is to discriminate between emotional stimuli, particularly those related to fear and threat. Neither the endometrium nor the foramen magnum are part of the limbic system, and while the hippocampus is involved in memory and spatial orientation, it is not primarily responsible for processing emotions.

Question 9

__________is the period during which the body becomes sexually mature.

Accepted Answer

Puberty is the period during which the body becomes sexually mature, leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breasts in females and facial hair in males. Climacteric refers to the period of hormonal fluctuations that occurs in both men and women during middle age, while perimenopause and menopause refer specifically to the time leading up to and after the cessation of menstruation in women.

Question 10

Puberty heralds the onset of__________.

Accepted Answer

Puberty is the process by which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction. This physical change marks the beginning of adolescence, which is the period between childhood and adulthood usually lasting from ages 10-19. Therefore, the correct choice is C) Adolescence.

Question 11

Which of the following is a feature of a child's motor development?

Accepted Answer

A child's motor development is dependent on brain maturation of the child. The brain is responsible for the development of motor skills, and as the brain matures, a child will demonstrate motor skills at different stages. The sequence of motor development may vary slightly from child to child, but the overall process and typical milestones are largely consistent. Environmental factors, such as stimulation and opportunity for movement, can influence the rate of motor development but are not the sole determining factor. Motor development begins at birth, not after the first year.

Question 12

__________are parents who generally leave their children to themselves.

Accepted Answer

Uninvolved parents are also known as neglectful parents. They do not provide their children with emotional support, guidance, or rules. They may seem detached or uninterested in their children's lives and often prioritize their own needs over their children's. This parenting style can lead to negative outcomes for children, such as low self-esteem, poor academic performance, and behavioral issues.

Question 13

In the context of adolescence, the _____ underlies showing off and risk taking.

Accepted Answer

The personal fable is a cognitive distortion that commonly emerges during adolescence, where an individual believes that they are unique and invincible, leading them to take risks and show off in front of others.

Question 14

__________is the beginning of menstruation.

Accepted Answer

Menarche is the term used to describe the beginning of menstruation in girls, typically occurring between the ages of 8 and 15. Oligomenorrhea refers to infrequent or irregular menstrual periods, ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary, and menopause is the permanent cessation of menstrual periods, typically occurring around the age of 50. None of these options describe the beginning of menstruation.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of adolescents?

Accepted Answer

The concept of the imaginary audience, or the belief that others are constantly watching and evaluating them, is a common phenomenon during adolescence. This can drive the intense desire for privacy as adolescents feel that their every action is being judged. The other options are incorrect as adolescents are typically very self-conscious and may struggle with feeling like they are the center of attention. Additionally, while adolescents may follow rules to maintain social order, their moral judgments are likely influenced by personal values and beliefs.

Question 16

Mariana, a 14-year-old girl, is dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents disapprove of this behavior and forbid her from meeting the boy. Marina fights with her parents because of this as she believes that she loves him. She also believes that she is unique and is destined to get married to the love of her life at an early age. This scenario best represents the concept of the _____.

Accepted Answer

The scenario best represents the concept of personal fable, as Mariana believes that she is unique and destined for an early marriage with the love of her life. The personal fable is a common characteristic among adolescents where they believe that they are special and unique, and that their experiences and feelings are entirely unique to them. It can often lead to risky behavior and disregard for advice or rules from parents or authority figures.

Question 17

Which of the following hormones regulates the menstrual cycle in women?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen is responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle in women. It is produced by the ovaries and helps in building up the lining of the uterus which sheds during menstruation. Testosterone, somatostatin, and thrombopoietin do not have a direct role in regulating the menstrual cycle.

Question 18

Sam is a fifteen-year-old boy. He does not have any clue about what he wants to take up as a career. Moreover, in the past two years, he has taken up more than five hobbies. According to Erik Erikson, Sam is__________.

Accepted Answer

Sam is experiencing role diffusion, which is a stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development where individuals are unable to commit to a fixed set of values, beliefs or a particular identity due to confusion or lack of direction. Sam's inability to decide on a career and frequent change of hobbies suggest that he is experiencing role diffusion.

Question 19

According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage of child development is dominated by:

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that the sensorimotor stage (which typically occurs from birth to around 2 years old) is dominated by the child's ability to coordinate their perception of the world with their motor activity. This includes learning about object permanence, cause-and-effect relationships, and developing basic mental representations of the world around them through their senses and actions. Choices B, C, and D relate to later stages of development.

Question 20

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concreate operational stage refers to children being able to:

Accepted Answer

Decentration in the concrete operational stage refers to the ability to focus on multiple dimensions of a problem at once, rather than just one. This allows children to solve problems that require more complex thinking, such as conservation tasks where they must consider both the height and width of an object. Adaptation to social and cultural situations (A) falls under the category of sociocultural theory, which is not related to Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Repeating pleasurable behavior patterns (B) is related to operant conditioning, another theory of learning. attributing life and consciousness to physical objects (D) falls under Piaget's theory of animism, which occurs during the preoperational stage of development.

Quiz 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span