Question 1

In biofeedback training, therapists attach clients to devices that measure bodily functions such as heart rate.

Accepted Answer

Biofeedback training involves attaching clients to devices that measure bodily functions such as heart rate, so that they can gain awareness and control over these functions.

Question 2

In the context of psychoanalysis, catharsis provides relief by assaulting the ego.

Accepted Answer

Catharsis in psychoanalysis involves the release of pent-up emotions, often leading to relief or healing, rather than assaulting the ego. It's about expressing and processing repressed emotions.

Question 3

In rational emotive behavior therapy, Albert Ellis pointed out that our beliefs about events, not just the events themselves, shape our responses to them.

Accepted Answer

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is based on the principle that our beliefs and thoughts about events are what drive our emotional responses to them, rather than the events themselves. Ellis emphasized that by changing irrational beliefs and replacing them with rational ones, individuals can experience significant improvements in their emotional and behavioral responses to life's challenges.

Question 4

Experimentation is the gold standard for research in psychology.

Accepted Answer

Experimentation is considered the gold standard for research in psychology because it allows for the manipulation of variables and control of extraneous factors, which helps establish cause and effect relationships.

Question 5

Behavior therapists see the effectiveness of behavior therapy as deriving from specific, learning-based procedures.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy is based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning, as well as observational learning. The effectiveness of behavior therapy is believed to come from the use of specific, structured procedures that target specific behaviors and reinforce positive changes through rewards and other forms of positive reinforcement.

Question 6

Sigmund Freud believed that the content of dreams is determined by unconscious processes as well as by the events of the day.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud proposed that the content of dreams is influenced by both unconscious processes and the events or experiences of the day. He believed that dreams provide access to the unconscious mind and enable individuals to express and process their deepest desires, fears, and conflicts.

Question 7

In the context of Native Americans, loss of cultural identity and social disorganization have set the stage for problems such as alcoholism.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that Native Americans who have lost their cultural identity and experienced social disorganization are at higher risk for alcoholism and other health and social problems. This is due to factors such as the trauma of historical violence and assimilation efforts, as well as economic and social disadvantage. Efforts to address these issues and promote cultural resilience have been shown to improve health and well-being in Native American communities.

Question 8

Aaron Beck's methods of cognitive therapy focus on arguing clients out of beliefs that are making them miserable and exposing them to situations they avoid because of irrational fear.

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative or distorted beliefs that contribute to emotional and behavioral problems, rather than arguing clients out of beliefs. Exposure therapy may be used to help clients confront and overcome their fears, but it is not the primary focus of cognitive therapy.

Question 9

In aversive conditioning, an aversive stimulus is paired with a painful behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior.

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning is used to decrease the frequency of a behavior, not increase it. Pairing a behavior with an aversive stimulus makes the behavior less likely to occur in the future.

Question 10

Virtual therapy relies exclusively on dream analysis.

Accepted Answer

Virtual therapy may incorporate dream analysis as a tool, but it does not rely exclusively on it. Other forms of therapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or talk therapy may also be used in virtual therapy.

Question 11

When mental hospitals replaced asylums in the United States, the mental hospital's function was warehousing, not treatment.

Accepted Answer

When mental hospitals replaced asylums in the United States, their function was intended to be more focused on treatment and rehabilitation, though it is true that many of these institutions ended up becoming overcrowded and understaffed, leading to a poor quality of care for patients.

Question 12

Client-centered therapists believe in viewing the world through a client's frame of reference.

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of understanding a client's perspective, experiences, and emotions without imposing their own views or values. They believe that clients are the experts on their own lives, and that a therapist's role is to provide empathy, understanding, and support as the client explores their thoughts and feelings.

Question 13

Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection.

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy indeed assumes that individuals disown parts of themselves that may not be accepted by society, which can lead to an incomplete sense of self and a lack of fulfillment in life. The therapy seeks to reintegrate those parts and help individuals become more authentic and complete in their self-expression.

Question 14

Client-centered therapists focus on telling clients what to do, instead of helping them arrive at their own decisions.

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapists prioritize the client's autonomy and decision-making, rather than imposing their own ideas and solutions onto the client. They aim to create a supportive and non-judgmental environment where clients can explore their thoughts and feelings, and ultimately arrive at their own solutions.

Question 15

Psychotherapy is used to exclusively treat people with severe psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapy can be used to treat people with a wide range of psychological difficulties, from mild to severe. It is not exclusively reserved for those with severe disorders.

Question 16

Electroconvulsive therapy has no side effects.

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as ECT, can have side effects such as confusion, memory loss, headaches, and muscle aches. However, these side effects are typically temporary and do not cause long-term harm. It is important to discuss potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider before undergoing ECT.

Question 17

Correcting power imbalances in a relationship increases happiness and can decrease the incidence of domestic violence.

Accepted Answer

When there is a balance of power in a relationship, both partners are more likely to feel valued and heard, which leads to increased happiness. Power struggles and imbalance can lead to dissatisfaction, resentment, and stress, which can increase the likelihood of domestic violence. Therefore, working to correct any power imbalances can lead to a healthier and happier relationship.

Question 18

Inmates residing in asylums were safe and were never chained or beaten.

Accepted Answer

Unfortunately, in the past, inmates residing in asylums were often subjected to cruel treatment including being chained and beaten. However, there have been improvements in mental health care and treatment over time.

Question 19

Like psychoanalysis, Gestalt therapy focuses on the here and now.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Like psychoanalysis, Gestalt therapy focuses on the...

Question 20

In psychoanalysis, the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas is referred to as transference.

Accepted Answer

Transference in psychoanalysis refers to the patient's unconscious redirection of feelings and attitudes from one person or situation to another, often towards the therapist. Blocking free expression of impulses and primitive ideas is more closely associated with repression.

Quiz 13: Methods of Therapy