Question 1

Asylums were intended primarily for:

Accepted Answer

Asylums were institutions created in the 19th century to house and care for people with psychological disorders. The intention was to provide treatment and care for individuals who would otherwise have been institutionalized in prisons or almshouses. Asylums were meant to provide a safe, controlled environment for those with mental illness, but their conditions often were harsh and inhumane.

Question 2

Why did Fritz Perls adopt the term Gestaltto name the therapy originated by him?

Accepted Answer

Fritz Perls adopted the term Gestalt to name the therapy originated by him because he wanted to signify his interest in giving the conflicting parts of the personality an integrated form or shape. The term Gestalt refers to the integrated whole that is perceived by the senses, and Perls believed that the human personality could be understood as a Gestalt, with all its conflicting parts working together as an integrated whole. Therefore, he used the term Gestalt to emphasize the importance of integrating conflicting parts of the personality in his therapy.

Question 3

In the context of the different behavior-therapy methods, which of the following is true of modeling?

Accepted Answer

Modeling is a behavior-therapy method that relies on observational learning, in which clients observe and then imitate desirable behaviors that are demonstrated by a therapist or another individual.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of rational emotive behavior therapists?

Accepted Answer

Rational emotive behavior therapists encourage clients to challenge and correct irrational expectations as a key component of their therapeutic approach. Option B is incorrect because they do not focus exclusively on interpreting dreams and childhood experiences. Option C is incorrect because rational emotive behavior therapists believe that our beliefs about traumatic events shape our responses to them. Option D is incorrect because their aim is not to magnify psychological problems in clients, but to help them challenge and change the irrational beliefs that contribute to their problems.

Question 5

Dr. Thomas, a psychiatrist, works at a facility that treats people with psychological disorders as outpatients rather than sending them to hospitals. He also helps people who have been released from hospitals. Most of the people treated by him have chronic psychological disorders. Dr. Thomas works at a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Thomas works at a facility that treats people with psychological disorders as outpatients and helps those who have been released from hospitals, indicating that he works at a community mental health center. Asylums treat people with severe mental illness, residential treatment centers house patients for extended periods, and retail clinics are not typically equipped to handle psychiatric care for chronic disorders.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of psychiatrist Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy?

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck believed in cognitive therapy, an approach that focuses on helping clients identify and change negative or distorted thought patterns. Beck believed that individuals with psychological disorders may selectively perceive the world as a harmful place and ignore evidence to the contrary, which can exacerbate their symptoms. The therapy focuses on restructuring the client's thinking to alleviate psychological distress. Choices A, C, and D are all incorrect.

Question 7

In client-centered therapy,__________refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.

Accepted Answer

Empathy, in client-centered therapy, refers to the therapist's ability to understand and communicate the client's feelings and experiences without judgment or interpretation. This creates a safe and supportive environment in which the client can explore their thoughts and emotions.

Question 8

Psychotherapy is based on research in areas such as personality, learning, motivation, and emotion.

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapy is based on research in areas such as personality, learning, motivation, and emotion. This research informs the development and implementation of various therapeutic techniques and approaches.

Question 9

Behavior-therapy methods for reducing fears include _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavior-therapy methods for reducing fears include _____. 
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Question 10

Katherine is terrified of dogs. To help alleviate her fears, her therapist first teaches her how to relax her muscles. Next, the therapist uses virtual therapy to expose Katherine to different dogs and asks her to stay relaxed. Which of the following is the basis for the virtual therapy used by Katherine's therapist?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy used to treat phobias, such as fear of dogs. It involves exposing the person to the feared object or situation gradually while teaching relaxation techniques to control anxiety. Virtual therapy can be used to simulate exposure to the feared object in a controlled and safe environment. Aversive conditioning involves associating the feared object with negative consequences, such as an electric shock, which is not applicable in this case. Resistance and transference are not relevant to the situation described.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of group psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Group psychoanalysis involves clients interpreting each other's dreams as a way of uncovering unconscious material and facilitating healing. Option A is incorrect as clients in a group do not necessarily have contrasting psychological problems. Option C is incorrect as group psychoanalysis is specifically facilitated as a group therapy. Option D is incorrect as peer feedback and support is encouraged in group psychoanalysis.

Question 12

In modern psychodynamic therapies, there is more focus on the id and less emphasis on the ego.

Accepted Answer

In modern psychodynamic therapies, there is still a strong emphasis on understanding and working with the ego. The aim is to help clients develop a stronger and healthier sense of self, which includes strengthening the ego. The id is still important to understand, but it is not the sole focus of therapy.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of the method of free association?

Accepted Answer

The method of free association involves clients being made comfortable and encouraged to talk about any topic that comes to mind without censoring their thoughts or feelings. This is done in order to explore the unconscious processes that may be contributing to their current psychological difficulties. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Option B is incorrect as personal disclosure is often encouraged in free association. Option C is also incorrect as clients are not restricted in expressing themselves during free association. Option D is incorrect as the purpose of free association is to reduce the client's defenses and increase insight into unconscious processes.

Question 14

_____ is conducted only with groups.

Accepted Answer

Couple therapy is conducted only with groups, specifically with couples. The other options can be conducted with individuals or groups. Classical conditioning is a type of learning that can happen to a single individual or an animal, hypnotherapy can be used on an individual level or in group settings, and dream analysis can be done with individuals or groups.

Question 15

__________refers to Joseph Wolpe's method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear-evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a therapeutic technique developed by Joseph Wolpe for reducing fears. It involves creating a hierarchy of fear-evoking stimuli and pairing each with deep muscle relaxation to gradually desensitize the patient to the fear-provoking stimuli. This technique has proven successful in treating various anxiety disorders, including phobias.

Question 16

In the context of humanistic therapies, client-centered therapy is directive in nature.

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy is non-directive, meaning the therapist does not give advice or guidance, but rather serves as a facilitator for the client's own self-discovery and personal growth.

Question 17

__________is a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations.

Accepted Answer

Modeling is a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations. Dream analysis is a psychoanalytic technique used by Freud to explore the unconscious mind. Transference is a psychoanalytic concept where clients transfer their emotions and feelings onto their therapist. Systematic desensitization is a therapy technique used to treat phobias by gradually exposing a person to their feared object or situation in a safe and controlled environment.

Question 18

Salma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It is not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely using _____.

Accepted Answer

John is using rational emotive behavior therapy by challenging Salma's irrational belief that winning the beauty contest is purely based on physical appearance. He is rationalizing with her that perhaps the winner had other qualities, such as talent and articulation, that made them more deserving of the title.

Question 19

Ryan, a psychiatrist, has recommended that his patient, who suffers from generalized anxiety, stop the use of antianxiety drugs. After two weeks, the patient complains that her anxiety symptoms have become worse. Ryan tells the patient that her feelings are an expected response to stopping antianxiety medication. What is the patient experiencing?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing rebound anxiety, which is a common and expected reaction to stopping antianxiety medication. It occurs when the body and brain have become accustomed to the effects of the medication and then suddenly withdraws from it. This can lead to an increase in anxiety symptoms, often worse than before the medication was started. Addiction is a dependence on a substance or behavior, which is not necessarily the case here. Tolerance refers to the body's decreased response to a drug over time, and illness anxiety disorder is a condition where a person has persistent anxiety about having or developing a serious illness despite medical reassurance.

Question 20

In the context of evidence-based practices, which of the following treatments would be most effective in treating depression, developmental disabilities, and bed-wetting?

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy is an evidence-based treatment that has been demonstrated to be effective in treating depression, developmental disabilities, and bed-wetting. Exorcism is not a recognized treatment for any of these conditions. Exposure treatment and modeling are effective for certain conditions, but not typically for all three of these simultaneously.

Quiz 13: Methods of Therapy