Question 1

Violent crimes involving the use of physical force are considered to be __________.

Accepted Answer

Crimes against persons are defined as offenses that involve physical harm, force, or threatening behavior against an individual. These include violent crimes such as assault, battery, and homicide.

Question 2

__________ is a view that adjudicating a juvenile as a delinquent encourages future delinquency through a negative public identity or changed self-image.

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory suggests that labeling juveniles as delinquent can have a negative impact on their self-image and public identity, leading to an increased risk of future delinquent behavior. This theory emphasizes the importance of avoiding overly harsh or stigmatizing punishment for juvenile offenders.

Question 3

The perspective in criminology that sees human behavior as determined by internal and external influences,such as biological,psychological,and/or social factors is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The perspective described in the question is known as positivism, which is the belief that behavior is determined by various influences, including biological, psychological, and social factors.

Question 4

The __________ is an annual compilation by the FBI of all crimes reported to the police in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) is an annual compilation by the FBI of all crimes reported to the police in the United States. It provides nationwide data on crimes such as murder, rape, robbery, burglary, and motor vehicle theft. The UCR has been in operation since the 1930s and is widely used by law enforcement agencies, researchers, and policymakers to track crime trends and develop strategies to address crime.

Question 5

With the __________,a representative sample of the U.S.population is surveyed annually to determine the extent of victimization and the extent to which these incidents were reported to police.

Accepted Answer

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) surveys a representative sample of the U.S. population annually to determine the extent of victimization and the extent to which these incidents were reported to police. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) collect crime statistics from law enforcement agencies, the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) collects data on each individual crime incident reported, and the National Violence Against Women (NVAW) Survey specifically focuses on the victimization of women.

Question 6

__________ is the Freudian theory that sees behavior as resulting from the interaction of the three components of the personality: id,ego,and superego.

Accepted Answer

This question is referring to the Freudian theory of personality which is Psychoanalytic theory. The id, ego, and superego are three key components of this theory, and it states that behavior is a result of the interaction among these components. Therefore, the best answer is A) Psychoanalytic theory.

Question 7

__________ involve an examination of offender backgrounds (e.g. ,physical and social characteristics,prior history,and method of conduct)to look for common patterns.

Accepted Answer

Offender profiles involve analyzing the physical and social characteristics of an offender, their prior criminal history, and their modus operandi (method of conduct) to look for common patterns. This information can then be used to develop a profile of the offender, which can assist law enforcement in apprehending the perpetrator. Victim profiles, on the other hand, focus on the characteristics of the victims, while crime scene profiles focus on analyzing the physical evidence left at a crime scene. Criminal subcultures are groups within society that engage in criminal activity.

Question 8

Acts that disrupt the peace in a civil society are considered to be ___________.

Accepted Answer

Acts that disrupt the peace in a civil society are considered to be crimes against public order. This includes actions such as disorderly conduct, disturbing the peace, and inciting a riot. These types of crimes are meant to protect the safety and well-being of the public by maintaining order in society.

Question 9

__________ is the view that behavior results from habits of thought and interpretations of reality.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theory focuses on how an individual's thoughts, beliefs, and interpretations of reality influence their behavior. It emphasizes the role of cognition in shaping behavior and attitudes, and suggests that behavior results from an individual's cognitive processes and habits of thought.

Question 10

The theory that crime results from lack of access to legitimate means for achieving goals is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The theory that crime results from lack of access to legitimate means for achieving goals is called blocked opportunity. Differential association is a theory that suggests that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others. Social bond theory suggests that individuals are less likely to engage in criminal behavior when they have strong bonds to society, such as through family, community, and institutions. Positivism is a broad philosophy that suggests that knowledge is based on empirical evidence and scientific methods.

Question 11

__________ involve an examination of a large number of similar criminal incidents to find patterns in the types of persons who are victimized under certain circumstances.

Accepted Answer

Victim profiles involve examining patterns in the types of persons who are victimized under certain circumstances. Offender profiles involve examining patterns in the characteristics and behaviors of the person committing the crime. Crime scene profiles involve examining physical evidence left at the scene of the crime. Criminal subcultures involve groups of individuals who share criminal values, beliefs, and behaviors.

Question 12

An individual's attachment to society,including attachment to others,commitment to conventional activities,involvement in those activities,and belief in widely shared moral values is called (a)__________.

Accepted Answer

The concept of social bond refers to an individual's connection to society through factors such as attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief in moral values. Differential association is a theory that explains criminal behavior through exposure to deviant norms, beliefs, and values in social interactions. Blocked opportunity refers to the lack of legitimate means for individuals to achieve their goals, leading to resorting to illegal means. Positivism is a school of criminology that focuses on the scientific study of criminal behavior, using empirical data to develop theories. Therefore, the best choice is C) social bond, as it specifically refers to the individual's attachment to society and is relevant to understanding criminal behavior.

Question 13

The theory that a person becomes criminal or delinquent when he or she associates more with people who condone violation of the law than with people who do not is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

Differential association theory proposes that criminal or delinquent behavior is learned through interactions with others who have deviant values and attitudes, and the more a person associates with such people, the more likely they are to engage in such behavior themselves.

Question 14

__________ is the theory that sees criminal events as the result of a combination of a motivated offender,a suitable target,and the absence of a capable guardian to intervene.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question matches the definition of routine activities theory, which posits that for a crime to occur, there needs to be a motivated offender, a desirable target, and a lack of capable guardianship. Psychoanalytic theory, cognitive theory, and labeling theory all focus on different aspects of criminal behavior and do not specifically address the combination of these factors in crime.

Question 15

The __________is a data collection program designed to gather information on victims,perpetrators,and circumstances of crime.

Accepted Answer

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is the data collection program designed to gather information on victims, perpetrators, and circumstances of crime. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) primarily gathers data on arrests and crime rates and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collects data on the number and types of victimizations experienced by individuals. The National Violence Against Women (NVAW) Survey specifically focuses on the prevalence and nature of violence against women.

Question 16

Acts considered undesirable,such as adultery and fornication,prostitution,and gambling are considered to be __________.

Accepted Answer

Acts such as adultery, fornication, prostitution, and gambling are considered offenses against morality, as they violate societal norms and expectations regarding personal conduct and behavior. They may not necessarily involve direct harm to other individuals or property, but are still deemed undesirable and subject to moral condemnation.

Question 17

The __________ Interviews a national sample of 16,000 men and women regarding the circumstances of crimes against women.

Accepted Answer

The National Violence Against Women Survey is designed specifically to gather information about crimes against women and to collect data on the circumstances surrounding those crimes. The Uniform Crime Reports and National Incident-Based Reporting System are both law enforcement databases that compile data on reported crimes, but they do not provide information on the circumstances of those crimes. The National Crime Victimization Survey is a general survey of crime victimization and may not focus specifically on crimes against women.

Question 18

Crimes in which property is taken unlawfully and misused are considered to be __________.

Accepted Answer

Crimes in which property is taken unlawfully and misused are considered to be crimes against property. This includes theft, burglary, embezzlement, and other similar offenses.

Question 19

__________ involve an examination of the circumstances surrounding criminal incidents in a search for patterns associated with criminal offending.

Accepted Answer

Crime scene profiles involve an examination of the circumstances surrounding criminal incidents in a search for patterns associated with criminal offending. Offender profiles and criminal subcultures involve analyzing the characteristics and behavior of offenders or groups of offenders, while victim profiles focus on the characteristics and behavior of the victims.

Question 20

Different forms of deviance that result when youths cease to adhere to middle-class standards and become part of the adult criminal,conflict,or retreatist subculture.

Accepted Answer

Criminal subcultures are the different forms of deviance that result when youths stop adhering to middle-class standards and become a part of adult criminal, conflict, or retreatist subcultures. Offender profiles relate to characteristics of the perpetrator, victim profiles to the characteristics of the victim, and crime scene profiles to the physical evidence left at the scene of a crime.

Quiz 2: Defining and Analyzing Crime