Question 1

At first, Caihong loved her job as an assistant editor at Bradbury Publishers. It was her dream job, made even better by the fact that her boss, Forrest, had a warm, inspiring personality and placed a lot of trust in his employees. He also had a goofy, witty personality that made everyone laugh. Caihong looked forward to work and felt personally committed to helping Forrest achieve his goals for the department. However, Forrest retired a few months ago, and his replacement, Bryan, is his complete opposite-a bottom-line-focused, unpleasant, demanding boss who is always questioning Caihong's and her team's abilities and decisions. Caihong never misses a day and still likes the actual work she does, but she has begun to find ways to avoid having to interact with Bryan. Which of the following has Caihong most likely started engaging in?
A) checking her friends' Instagram pages and chatting with friends on Facebook
B) updating her CV and combing through online job sites during her work breaks
C) going over to the marketing department to chat with her friends Ellie and Salman
D) fantasizing about quitting her job and going off to teach English in a foreign country
E) taking longer than usual breaks and making excuses for missing department meetings

Accepted Answer

The fact that Caihong still likes her work but wants to avoid her boss indicates that she is more likely to engage in physical withdrawal (exit) than psychological withdrawal (neglect). Physical withdrawal comes in a number of shapes and sizes. Long breaks involve longer-than-normal lunches, soda breaks, coffee breaks, and so forth, that provide a physical escape from work. Sometimes, long breaks stretch into missing meetings, which means employees neglect important work functions while away from the office.

Question 2

NewDay Investments is cutting its workforce in large numbers because of the current recession. The employees who still have their jobs are angered and depressed by the layoffs. They have lost the trust they had in management and are not sure if their futures are secure. They are facing the ________ syndrome.
A) outsourcing
B) survivor
C) decay
D) erosion
E) progression

Accepted Answer

The survivor syndrome is characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt that affect the employees who remain with an organization after a downsizing.

Question 3

Ian and Ubed are engineers at Seedling Laboratories. Ubed comments that during a conversation with his neighbor Nick the other day, Nick expressed a common stereotype about foreign employees. What did Nick say?
A) that most immigrants in the United States are in service-related jobs or in blue-collar positions
B) that less than a quarter of the scientists and mathematicians in the U.S. are foreign-born
C) that many of the most educated employees, particularly in STEM, come from abroad
D) that fewer Americans are working as expatriates in foreign countries than in the past
E) that because of globalism, being an expatriate is less stressful than most people think

Accepted Answer

As the economy continues to become more global, U.S. businesses face another important form of diversity: More and more employees are foreign-born. Although stereotypes view immigrants as staffing blue-collar or service jobs, many of the most educated employees come from abroad. Consider that half of the PhDs working in the United States are foreign-born, as are 45 percent of the physicists, computer scientists, and mathematicians.

Question 4

Jaseem likes his job in the bookkeeping department at German Trucking, Inc., but mainly considers it a way to make good money while he pursues his musical career. He is never absent and rarely late, and he gives work his full attention while he is there, but he does not socialize much with the other employees. Jaseem's attitude indicates that he has a(n) ________ contract with his employer.
A) opportunistic
B) psychological
C) transactional
D) relational
E) normative

Accepted Answer

Some employees develop transactional contracts that are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations (e.g., the employee owes attendance and protection of proprietary information; the organization owes pay and advancement opportunities).

Question 5

________ reflects the tendency to arrive at work late or leave work early.
A) Daydreaming
B) Tardiness
C) Socializing
D) Moonlighting
E) Cyberloafing

Accepted Answer

Tardiness reflects the tendency to arrive at work late (or leave work early).

Question 6

The ________ model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors negatively correlate with one another-that doing one means you are less likely to do another.
A) independent forms
B) compensatory forms
C) progression
D) normative
E) nominal

Accepted Answer

Compensatory forms model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors negatively correlate with one another-that doing one means you are less likely to do another.

Question 7

According to the ________ model of withdrawal, various withdrawal behaviors are uncorrelated with one another, occur for different reasons, and fulfill different needs on the part of employees.
A) independent forms
B) compensatory forms
C) progression
D) normative
E) nominal

Accepted Answer

The independent forms model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are uncorrelated with one another, occur for different reasons, and fulfill different needs on the part of employees.

Question 8

Wythe Pharmaceuticals recently merged with a large multinational company, Valence Group. The new management made many changes. They decided to move the bulk of manufacturing overseas and cut the marketing department in half. They also restructured the research and development branch. The result was massive reorganization at every level, along with major downsizing that affected almost 20 percent of the Wythe workforce. Due to the downsizing, Hugh and Deanna lost their jobs, but their colleague Eloise was able to keep hers. Which statement about the friends is most likely True two months later?
A) Hugh and Deanna experienced a marked increase in depression, even though both quickly found new jobs.
B) Eloise experienced a lower level of affective commitment, but her level of normative commitment stayed about the same.
C) Because Eloise had to take on new job duties as a result of the changes, her level of organizational commitment increased.
D) Hugh and Deanna, in new jobs, experienced less work-related stress overall than Eloise, who felt depressed by the changes.
E) Eloise, as one of the survivors, was happier overall, while Hugh and Deanna were still dealing with the psychological fallout.

Accepted Answer

Why doesn't downsizing tend to work? One reason revolves around the organizational commitment levels of the so-called survivors. The employees who remain in the organization after a downsizing are often stricken with "survivor syndrome," characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt. One study found that downsizing survivors actually experienced more work-related stress than did the downsizing victims who went on to find new employment.

Question 9

Which of the following is True of absenteeism?
A) Long attendance streaks tend to be self-perpetuating.
B) Employees with good attendance records rarely take sick days
C) Employees are more likely to be absent on Mondays and Fridays.
D) An employee who is frequently absent will usually end up quitting.
E) Up to 65 percent of employees have lied about their reasons for absence.

Accepted Answer

People stay home from work for a variety of reasons, including illness and family emergencies. There is also a rhythm to absenteeism. For example, employees are more likely to be absent on Mondays or Fridays. Moreover, streaks of good attendance create a sort of pressure to be absent, as personal responsibilities build until a day at home becomes irresistible.

Question 10

________ contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them.
A) Cultural
B) Transactional
C) Psychological
D) Normative
E) Relational

Accepted Answer

Psychological contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them.

Question 11

Which model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated-for example, the tendency to daydream or socialize leads to the tendency to come in late or take long breaks, which leads to the tendency to be absent or quit?
A) independent forms
B) compensatory forms
C) progression
D) normative
E) nominal

Accepted Answer

The progression model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated.

Question 12

Josie, Ignacio, Myra, Randall, and Dinesh work in the human resources department at an educational software company. In the next two weeks, one of them will quit. Based on their behavior, who do you think will be the one to leave?
A) Josie, who spends a lot of time in the break room chatting with her friends at the company
B) Ignacio, who often gets caught just zoning out at his desk when there are deadlines to meet
C) Dinesh, who always arrives late and leaves early and has been out sick four times in the last six weeks
D) Randall, who always volunteers to leave in the middle of the day to get supplies and then is gone for hours
E) Myra, who spends more time and focus on her freelance design projects at work than on her actual assignments

Accepted Answer

The progression model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated: The tendency to daydream or socialize leads to the tendency to come in late or take long breaks, which leads to the tendency to be absent or quit. While Josie, Ignacio, and Myra are engaged in less serious psychological withdrawal, Dinesh and Randall are engaged in more serious physical withdrawal. From this perspective, Dinesh's frequent absences may signal a prelude to quitting.

Question 13

________ psychological contracts are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations.
A) Normative
B) Relational
C) Transactional
D) Continuance
E) Progression

Accepted Answer

Transactional contracts are a form of psychological contract based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations (e.g., the employee owes attendance and protection of proprietary information; the organization owes pay and advancement opportunities). The other type of psychological contract is the relational contract.

Question 14

The ________ syndrome is characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt that affects the employees who remain with an organization after a downsizing.
A) employee
B) survivor
C) stress
D) erosion
E) decay

Accepted Answer

The survivor syndrome is characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt that affect the employees who remain with an organization after a downsizing.

Question 15

________ adjustment, the extent to which expatriates have difficulty socializing and interacting with members of the host culture, can affect the level of organizational commitment in global organizations.
A) Interaction
B) Cultural
C) Work
D) Psychological
E) Relational

Accepted Answer

Interaction adjustment is the degree of comfort felt by expatriates when socializing and interacting with members of the host culture. When this is low, it negatively affects organizational commitment.

Question 16

Which model of withdrawal has received the most scientific support?
A) individualistic model
B) compensatory forms model
C) independent forms model
D) autonomous model
E) progression model

Accepted Answer

The progression model has received the most scientific support. Studies tend to show that withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated with one another.

Question 17

Tom and Zorah are having a discussion about the representation of minorities in the workforce. Tom thinks that, in general, all minority groups are equally represented, but Zorah corrects him. What does Zorah point out to Tom?
A) Representation is about the same as it was in the 1970s and 1980s.
B) The workforce is still much more dominated by men than by women.
C) The percentage of minority employees peaked a few years ago and is now declining.
D) The percentage of minority employees peaked in the early 2000s and has plateaued since then.
E) While minorities are better represented, Asians still only make up about 5 percent of the workforce.

Accepted Answer

Demographically speaking, the percentage of the workforce that is white has dropped to 64 percent. Meanwhile, the percentage of minorities in the workforce has reached the following levels: African Americans (12 percent), Hispanics (16 percent), and Asians (5 percent). Thus, minority groups now make up one-third of the workforce. Meanwhile, women have virtually matched men in terms of workforce percentages, with 53 percent of jobs filled by men and 47 percent by women.

Question 18

________ contracts are based on a broader set of open-ended and subjective obligations than ________ contracts.
A) Transactional; continuance
B) Relational; transactional
C) Normative; relational
D) Progression; continuance
E) Continuance; psychological

Accepted Answer

Transactional contracts are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations, while relational contracts are based on a broader set of open-ended and subjective obligations.

Question 19

The most serious form of physical withdrawal is
A) absenteeism.
B) tardiness.
C) long breaks.
D) quitting.
E) missing meetings.

Accepted Answer

The most serious form of physical withdrawal is quitting-voluntarily leaving the organization.

Question 20

Priya is sitting at her desk. On her computer screen are several documents for a project that she is supposed to have finished by 2:00 p.m. She is staring at the screen and has her hand on her mouse, but she is thinking about the after-work party she has been invited to. Her colleague Damien walks by and snaps his fingers. "Earth to Priya!" he says. Priya is engaged in
A) exit.
B) satisficing.
C) looking busy.
D) daydreaming.
E) moonlighting.

Accepted Answer

Psychological withdrawal comes in a number of forms. The least serious is daydreaming, when employees appear to be working but are actually distracted by random thoughts or concerns.

Quiz 3: Organizational Commitment

Ian and Ubed are engineers at Seedling Laboratories. Ubed comments that during a conversation with his neighbor Nick the other day, Nick expressed a common stereotype about foreign employees. What did Nick say?

________ reflects the tendency to arrive at work late or leave work early.

The ________ model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors negatively correlate with one another-that doing one means you are less likely to do another.

According to the ________ model of withdrawal, various withdrawal behaviors are uncorrelated with one another, occur for different reasons, and fulfill different needs on the part of employees.

Which of the following is True of absenteeism?

________ contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them.

Which model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated-for example, the tendency to daydream or socialize leads to the tendency to come in late or take long breaks, which leads to the tendency to be absent or quit?

Josie, Ignacio, Myra, Randall, and Dinesh work in the human resources department at an educational software company. In the next two weeks, one of them will quit. Based on their behavior, who do you think will be the one to leave?

________ psychological contracts are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations.

The ________ syndrome is characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt that affects the employees who remain with an organization after a downsizing.

________ adjustment, the extent to which expatriates have difficulty socializing and interacting with members of the host culture, can affect the level of organizational commitment in global organizations.

Which model of withdrawal has received the most scientific support?

Tom and Zorah are having a discussion about the representation of minorities in the workforce. Tom thinks that, in general, all minority groups are equally represented, but Zorah corrects him. What does Zorah point out to Tom?

contracts are based on a broader set of open-ended and subjective obligations than contracts.

The most serious form of physical withdrawal is