Observer bias can threaten which of the following big validities?
A) Internal validity
B) External validity
C) Construct validity
D) Both a and c
E) Both a and b

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Observer bias can threaten both internal validity (the extent to which the observed effect can be attributed to the independent variable and not confounding variables) and construct validity (the extent to which the operationalization of the variables actually measures the theoretical construct). It does not directly threaten external validity, which pertains to the generalizability of the results to other populations, settings, and time periods.

Observer Bias Can Threaten Which of the Following Big Validities