Question 1

According to a 2009 report commissioned by the Federal Office of the Correctional Investigator, in Canada, __________ offenders tend to be released later in their sentences (lower parole grant rates) as well as being over-represented in segregation populations.

Accepted Answer

The report commissioned by the Federal Office of the Correctional Investigator in Canada found that Aboriginal offenders tend to be released later in their sentences, with lower parole grant rates. They are also over-represented in segregation populations, indicating a bias in the criminal justice system towards this particular group. This discrimination can have serious consequences for Aboriginal offenders, perpetuating the cycle of over-representation and causing them to suffer worse outcomes than their non-Aboriginal counterparts.

Question 2

The rate of violence for Aboriginal females is 2.5 times higher than that for non-Aboriginal females

Accepted Answer

According to research and statistics, the rate of violence for Aboriginal females is indeed 2.5 times higher than that for non-Aboriginal females. This is a concerning issue that needs to be addressed in society.

Question 3

The foremost and only source of error for the General Social Survey (GSS) in comparison to the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR) is legislative change.

Accepted Answer

While legislative changes can impact both the GSS and UCR, they are not the only source of error for the GSS in comparison to the UCR. Other factors could include differences in methodology, sample size, or survey design.

Question 4

Because UCR data are based upon ________ crimes, the system has been criticized for underestimating the true incidence of criminal activity within the Canada - a measurement that would also include unreported crimes.

Accepted Answer

UCR (Uniform Crime Reporting) data are based on reported crimes, which means it only includes crimes that have been officially reported to law enforcement agencies. This has led to criticism that it underestimates the true incidence of criminal activity, as it does not account for crimes that go unreported.

Question 5

The term "social dimensions of crime" is used to describe aspects of crime and victimization as they relate to ________ by which groups are defined, and according to which individuals are assigned group membership.

Accepted Answer

The term "social dimensions of crime" refers to how crime and victimization are influenced by socially significant attributes such as race, gender, age, socioeconomic status, and other aspects by which groups of people are defined and assigned group membership. This can have implications for the types of crimes committed against certain groups, the likelihood of being targeted or victimized, and the treatment received from the criminal justice system.

Question 6

The equation to calculate a crime rate includes the number of reported crimes in the numerator.

Accepted Answer

The crime rate is calculated by taking the number of reported crimes and dividing it by the population at risk. Therefore, the number of reported crimes is included in the numerator of the equation.

Question 7

A group of four youths attack a single youth on their way home from the movies. All four are charged with assault. How many incidents of assault are recorded in the UCR?

Accepted Answer

In the UCR, incidents are recorded based on the number of victims, not the number of charges or convictions. Since there was only one victim in this case, only one incident of assault will be recorded.

Question 8

Although not an official source of crime data, Self-Report Studies do help to ________.

Accepted Answer

Self-Report Studies provide insights into the socio-economic realities of offenders, including factors like education, home life, and peer influences, which are not typically captured by official crime data sources.

Question 9

A(n) ________ refers to an offence that is closed when police have formally charged a person or when there is sufficient evidence to lay a charge against an identified person, even if that person has not been apprehended by police.

Accepted Answer

Offence cleared by charge refers to when police have enough evidence to charge someone for a crime, even if they have not been arrested or apprehended. This is a way to indicate that the offender has been identified and the case has been resolved, even if there has not been a formal arrest or conviction. The other options (A, D, E) do not specifically refer to the resolution of a specific offence, and B is not a commonly used term in crime reporting.

Question 10

According to published highlights of the 2011 UCR, police-reported youth crime also dropped in 2011.

Accepted Answer

According to published highlights of the 2011 UCR, police-reported youth crime did indeed drop in 2011.

Question 11

According to the results of the 2011 UCR, police-reported crime decreased in 2011, continuing the downward trend seen over the past 20 years.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the findings of the 2011 Uniform Crime Report (UCR).

Question 12

Unreported and underreported criminal activity has been called the ________ of crime

Accepted Answer

The term "dark figure" is commonly used to refer to the amount of unreported or underreported criminal activity that is not reflected in official crime statistics. This can include crimes that are not reported to law enforcement or that are not recorded in official records for various reasons. The dark figure of crime is difficult to measure accurately, but it is an important consideration for understanding the true extent of criminal activity in a given area or population.

Question 13

________ has been referred to as 'the best single predictor of criminality.'

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ has been referred to as 'the...

Question 14

Unlike data from the United States, Canadian crime statistics do not routinely report on the ________ of offenders.

Accepted Answer

Canadian crime statistics do not routinely report on the racial and ethnic makeup of offenders, whereas age, victimization, gender, and type of crime are typically reported.

Question 15

The Uniform Crime Reporting System ________.

Accepted Answer

The Uniform Crime Reporting System was initiated in 1961 through the efforts of Statistics Canada and the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police.

Question 16

Most criminologists agree that prevention of crime is generally considered preferable to its punishment and prevention is largely based on prediction.

Accepted Answer

Most criminologists view prevention of crime as preferable to punishment and prevention often involves predicting and addressing risk factors before a crime occurs.

Question 17

Correlations are of two sorts: ________.

Accepted Answer

Correlations are categorized as positive or negative based on the direction of the relationship between two variables. A positive correlation occurs when the two variables move in the same direction, while a negative correlation occurs when the two variables move in opposite directions. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 18

In 2008, a police-reported Crime Severity Index (PRCSI) was introduced to _________________.

Accepted Answer

The introduction of the police-reported Crime Severity Index (PRCSI) was specifically aimed at measuring changes in the severity of crime from year to year. It takes into account not only the number of crimes reported to police, but also their relative seriousness, as measured by the sentences handed down by criminal courts. Therefore, option C is the correct choice. The other options are not correct as they do not accurately describe the purpose of the PRCSI.

Question 19

The phrase ____________________ refers to a case in which police cannot or do not charge a person even if they have identified a suspect and have enough evidence to support the laying of a charge.

Accepted Answer

"Offence cleared otherwise" refers to situations where the police have identified a suspect and have sufficient evidence but decide not to lay charges for various reasons, such as the suspect's death, diplomatic immunity, or the victim's refusal to cooperate.

Question 20

Based on 598 incidents of homicides reported and a total population of 34 476 848, what would the rate of crime be for homicides?

Accepted Answer

To find the rate of crime for homicides, we need to divide the number of homicides by the total population and multiply by 100,000.

Rate of crime for homicides = (number of homicides / total population) x 100,000
= (598 / 34,476,848) x 100,000
= 1.733

Rounding up to two decimal places, the rate of crime for homicides is 2.00. Therefore, the best choice is C, 2.00.

Quiz 2: Crime Statistics