Question 1

The term "stir crazy" grew out of the experiences of many inmates during which prison era?
A)Community-based era
B)Just deserts era
C)Warehousing era
D)Punitive era

Accepted Answer

The term "stir crazy" originated during the Punitive era, which was characterized by harsh prison conditions and long periods of isolation, leading to psychological distress among inmates.

Question 2

ADMAX or administrative maximum is the term used by the federal government to denote:
A)Prisons for white-collar criminals.
B)Maximum security prisons for females.
C)Prisons for offenders who have violated administrative law.
D)Ultra-high-security prisons.

Accepted Answer

ADMAX refers to ultra-high-security prisons, such as the Administrative Maximum Facility (ADX) in Florence, Colorado, which houses some of the most dangerous and violent offenders in the federal prison system. It is also known as the "Alcatraz of the Rockies." ADMAX facilities are designed to prevent escape attempts and contain inmates who pose a significant threat to staff, other prisoners, and the public.

Question 3

How many security levels has the BOP classified in the federal prison system?
A)Four
B)Two
C)Five
D)Three

Accepted Answer

The BOP has classified the federal prison system into five security levels, ranging from minimum to maximum security.

Question 4

Who is most noted as the originator of what we know as today's early release program?
A)Sir Walter Crofton
B)Captain Alexander Maconochie
C)Zebulon Brockway
D)Robert Martinson

Accepted Answer

Captain Alexander Maconochie is most noted as the originator of what we know as today's early release program, which he developed while serving as superintendent of the Norfolk Island prison colony in the mid-19th century. Maconochie's system, known as the "mark system," allowed prisoners to earn points for good behavior and work performance, which could then be exchanged for earlier release or better living conditions. His ideas heavily influenced the development of modern-day rehabilitation and early release programs.

Question 5

Which of the follow system is a system of inmate labor that was in use by the early twentieth century?
A)Punitive system
B)Contract system
C)Reform system
D)Treatment system

Accepted Answer

The contract system was a form of inmate labor that was utilized in the early twentieth century, particularly in southern and western states. This system allowed private companies to contract with state and local governments to use inmate labor for their businesses, often in manufacturing or agriculture industries. Inmates were typically paid very low wages and worked in harsh conditions. The contract system was eventually abolished, as it was seen as exploitative and often resulted in the mistreatment of inmates.

Question 6

A policy that seeks to protect society by incarcerating individuals deemed to be the most dangerous is called:
A)Design capacity.
B)Collective capacitation.
C)High-security capacitation.
D)Selective incapacitation.

Accepted Answer

Selective incapacitation targets the most dangerous individuals and seeks to remove them from society through imprisonment. This policy is based on the assumption that incarceration can prevent these individuals from committing further crimes and protect society from their dangerous behavior. Other choices, such as design capacity, collective capacitation, and high-security capacitation, do not specifically focus on identifying and incarcerating the most dangerous individuals.

Question 7

The movement toward the wider use of private prisons is known as:
A)The Pennsylvania system.
B)The Auburn system.
C)The reformatory system.
D)Privatization.

Accepted Answer

The movement toward the wider use of private prisons is known as Privatization. The term refers to the transfer of government-run services, functions, and assets to the private sector. In the case of prisons, it means that a private company is contracted by the government to build and operate a correctional facility.

Question 8

The stocks and the pillory are examples of what type of punishment?
A)Exile
B)Branding
C)Public humiliation
D)Flogging

Accepted Answer

The stocks and the pillory were instruments of punishment used to publicly humiliate offenders in colonial times. The offender would be locked into the device and left on display for the public to see, ridicule, and sometimes throw objects at.

Question 9

The California Department of Corrections had an unwritten policy of racially segregating prisoners in order to prevent racial violence.In 2005 the U.S.Supreme Court case Johnson v.California reviewed that policy and held that it:
A)Was acceptable because it was in the prisoner's best interests.
B)Violated the 8th Amendment.
C)Was acceptable because it served a compelling state interest.
D)Was unconstitutional.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D. The Supreme Court ruled that the unwritten policy of racially segregating prisoners violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and was therefore unconstitutional. The policy was not based on compelling state interest and did not meet the strict scrutiny standard required for government actions that discriminate based on race.

Question 10

Which of the following is an imprisonment strategy that is based on the desire to prevent recurrent crime and that has abandoned all hope of rehabilitation?
A)Warehousing
B)"Nothing works" doctrine
C)Punitive model
D)Just deserts

Accepted Answer

Warehousing is an imprisonment strategy that is based on the desire to prevent recurrent crime rather than rehabilitation. It focuses on incapacitating offenders for a longer period to keep them away from society and prevent them from committing crimes. This strategy has abandoned all hope of rehabilitation and emphasizes punishment rather than reformation.

Question 11

Lex talionis is also known as the law of:
A)Retaliation.
B)Exile.
C)Talent.
D)Rated capacity.

Accepted Answer

Lex talionis is the Latin term for "law of retaliation", which means that the punishment for a crime should correspond in kind and degree to the offense committed. For example, "an eye for an eye" was a principle of Lex talionis, meaning that if someone took someone else's eye, they would have their own eye taken in return.

Question 12

The first system under which inmates lived,ate,and worked together in enforced silence.was located in:
A)Auburn,NY.
B)Boston,MA.
C)Philadelphia,PA.
D)Baltimore,MD.

Accepted Answer

The first system under which inmates lived, ate, and worked together in enforced silence was the Auburn System, which was developed and implemented in Auburn, New York in the early 19th century.

Question 13

Which of the following are jails that are built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions?
A)Regional jails
B)Privately run jails
C)Direct supervision jails
D)Indirect supervision jails

Accepted Answer

Regional jails are built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions. Privately run jails are managed and run by private organizations, while direct and indirect supervision jails classify inmates based on the level of supervision they need.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of jails?
A)Hold inmates who have been sentenced to long periods of incarceration
B)Operated by the state police
C)Hold 44% female inmates
D)Hold suspects following arrest and pending trial

Accepted Answer

Jails are typically used to hold suspects following arrest and pending trial, as well as individuals serving short sentences (often one year or less). They are not typically used to hold inmates who have been sentenced to long periods of incarceration, as that falls under the jurisdiction of prisons. Jails may be operated by county or city authorities, rather than state police. While the percentage of female inmates may vary by location, it is not a defining characteristic of jails as a whole.

Question 15

Which type of jail is a temporary confinement facility that eliminates many of the traditional barriers between inmates and correctional personnel,and is also called a podular jail,direct supervision jail,and indirect-supervision jail?
A)Temporary confinement
B)Supermax
C)New generation
D)Private

Accepted Answer

The type of jail described is a new generation jail, also known as a podular jail, direct supervision jail, or indirect-supervision jail. These facilities are designed to eliminate many of the traditional barriers between inmates and staff and to increase the interaction between them, with the goal of improving safety and reducing violence. They typically feature circular or pod-shaped housing units, with a central control station that allows staff to monitor activity in all areas of the pod.

Question 16

A private prison:
A)Is a prison for terrorists that does not reveal the prisoners' identities.
B)Is operated by a private firm on behalf of government.
C)House no more than 50 prisoners.
D)Houses military prisoners.

Accepted Answer

A private prison is a prison that is owned and operated by a private company on behalf of the government. These companies are contracted to manage and operate prisons as a way to save money for the government. The use of private prisons is a controversial issue as some argue that they prioritize profit over the rehabilitation and well-being of prisoners.

Question 17

The Auburn system of imprisonment became popular during which prison era?
A)Community-based
B)Punitive
C)Mass prison
D)Penitentiary

Accepted Answer

The Auburn system, characterized by congregate work during the day and solitary confinement at night, became popular during the Mass Prison Era.

Question 18

Work release is representative of which era in the development of U.S.prisons?
A)The reform era
B)The treatment era
C)The just deserts era
D)The community-based era

Accepted Answer

Work release is representative of the community-based era in the development of U.S. prisons, as it involves allowing inmates to work in the community and gradually re-enter society. This era is focused on rehabilitation and reintegration into society, rather than punishment or deterrence.

Question 19

According to the text,the largest growing population of jail inmates is:
A)Women.
B)Hispanics.
C)African-Americans.
D)Asians.

Accepted Answer

Women have been identified as the fastest-growing segment of the jail population over the past few decades. This trend is attributed to various factors, including changes in law enforcement practices, increased criminalization of drug-related activities, and systemic issues that disproportionately affect women, such as poverty and domestic violence.

Question 20

Which early prison system was heralded as the one that was humane and provided inmates with the opportunity for rehabilitation?
A)The Massachusetts system
B)The Pennsylvania system
C)The Irish system
D)The Elmira system

Accepted Answer

The Pennsylvania system, also known as the "separate system," was designed to be a humane and rehabilitative approach to imprisonment. It involved complete isolation of prisoners in their cells, with the goal of helping them reflect on their actions and become penitent. The system also focused on providing education and vocational training to help inmates reintegrate into society upon release. While the Pennsylvania system did have some drawbacks and limitations, it paved the way for more progressive approaches to imprisonment in the United States.

Quiz 13: Prisons and Jails

The term "stir crazy" grew out of the experiences of many inmates during which prison era?

ADMAX or administrative maximum is the term used by the federal government to denote:

How many security levels has the BOP classified in the federal prison system?

Who is most noted as the originator of what we know as today's early release program?

Which of the follow system is a system of inmate labor that was in use by the early twentieth century?

A policy that seeks to protect society by incarcerating individuals deemed to be the most dangerous is called:

The movement toward the wider use of private prisons is known as:

The stocks and the pillory are examples of what type of punishment?

The California Department of Corrections had an unwritten policy of racially segregating prisoners in order to prevent racial violence.In 2005 the U.S.Supreme Court case Johnson v.California reviewed that policy and held that it:

Which of the following is an imprisonment strategy that is based on the desire to prevent recurrent crime and that has abandoned all hope of rehabilitation?

Lex talionis is also known as the law of:

The first system under which inmates lived,ate,and worked together in enforced silence.was located in:

Which of the following are jails that are built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions?

Which of the following is a characteristic of jails?

Which type of jail is a temporary confinement facility that eliminates many of the traditional barriers between inmates and correctional personnel,and is also called a podular jail,direct supervision jail,and indirect-supervision jail?

A private prison:

The Auburn system of imprisonment became popular during which prison era?

Work release is representative of which era in the development of U.S.prisons?

According to the text,the largest growing population of jail inmates is:

Which early prison system was heralded as the one that was humane and provided inmates with the opportunity for rehabilitation?