Question 1

A factory decides to cut the pay of all its employees. This loss of pay results in Julia being unable to provide health care for her infant son. According to bioecological theory, this exemplifies the impact that events in the _____ can play on the development of a child.

Accepted Answer

The exosystem refers to the external settings in which individuals do not directly participate, but which nonetheless exert influence on them. The decision made by the factory to cut the pay of its employees is an event in the exosystem that has an impact on Julia's ability to access health care for her child, which can ultimately affect the child's development.

Question 2

The title of Dr. Doublemint's latest bestseller is Why Identical Twins Differ from Each Other! Given this title, it is safe to assume that Dr. Doublemint's primary interest is in the _____ goal of psychology.

Accepted Answer

The title indicates that Dr. Doublemint is interested in explaining why identical twins differ from each other, which falls under the explanation goal of psychology.

Question 3

The _____ involves the immediate physical environment in which an individual functions.

Accepted Answer

The microsystem refers to the immediate physical and social environment in which an individual functions, such as family, school, peers, and neighborhood. This level of the ecological systems theory highlights the direct interactions and relationships a person has with their surroundings, making it the best choice for the given description. The other options, including the chronosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem, refer to broader or more distant aspects of the person's environment.

Question 4

Dr. Benjamin Spock wrote a popular book for parents, providing information on what behaviors can be expected of typical infants at specific ages. This sort of publication primarily reflects which goal of developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Benjamin Spock's book primarily provides a detailed description of infant behaviors at specific ages.

Question 5

Which is best described as a linkage between two microsystems?

Accepted Answer

The mesosystem is the linkage or connection between two microsystems. It refers to the relationships and interactions between the different settings or environments in which the individual experiences their daily life, such as the interaction between family and school or peers and church.

Question 6

A cross-cultural study on aggression in children from Belize, Kenya, Nepal, and American Somoa by Munro and colleagues (2000) indicated that

Accepted Answer

The study indicated that boys were more aggressive in all four countries, suggesting that gender differences in aggression are consistent across cultures. The study did not provide evidence to support choices A, C or D.

Question 7

The abusive behavior that Crosby perpetrated on his son has definitely negatively impacted his son's development. According to the ecological model, this impact is best explained by events occurring in the child's

Accepted Answer

The microsystem refers to the immediate environment in which the child interacts, such as the family, school, and peer group. Crosby's abusive behavior towards his son would occur within this microsystem, and therefore would have a direct impact on the child's development.

Question 8

The fact that specific historical events (e.g., living during the AIDS epidemic) can influence development is best explained by the influence of the

Accepted Answer

The chronosystem refers to the time period in which an individual develops, including historical events and societal changes that may influence development. Living through the AIDS epidemic would be an example of a historical event that could influence development and is best explained by the chronosystem.

Question 9

In the nineteenth century, scholars began to systematically record the growth and development of their own children. The published form of the observations were known as

Accepted Answer

The published form of the observations of the growth and development of their own children in the nineteenth century were known as "baby biographies."

Question 10

The fact that sex differences in aggression are greatest in patrilineal cultures suggests that

Accepted Answer

The fact that sex differences in aggression are greatest in patrilineal cultures suggests that cultural standards play a significant role in determining aggression. In cultures where the father's lineage is emphasized and males are expected to be dominant and competitive, aggression may be more normalized and reinforced among males. This is a cultural rather than biological influence.

Question 11

Urie Bronfenbrenner is best associated with the _____ model of development.

Accepted Answer

Urie Bronfenbrenner is best known for the bioecological model of development, which emphasizes the various factors that influence a child's development, including the child's immediate environment, such as their family and school, as well as broader societal factors, such as cultural norms and economic pressures. This model highlights how different levels of influence interact to shape a child's development over time.

Question 12

Differences in Maternal Leave Acts (laws) between the United States and other nations definitely influence children living in those counties. Bronfenbrenner would describe this phenomena in terms of the impact of the

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner's macrosystem refers to the broader cultural values, laws, and customs of a society. The differences in maternal leave acts between the United States and other nations are determined by these broader cultural values and laws. Therefore, the impact on children can be attributed to the macrosystem.

Question 13

If all you know is that men commit more violent crimes than women you can most accurately conclude that

Accepted Answer

The fact that men commit more violent crimes than women suggests that there is a difference in the level of this behavior between genders. However, the cause of this difference may involve a combination of hereditary and environmental factors, rather than any single factor such as genes or gender roles.

Question 14

Who is most often cited as the founder of developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall is most often cited as the founder of developmental psychology due to his 1904 book "Adolescence: Its Psychology and Its Relations to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion, and Education," which is considered one of the foundational texts in the field. While Darwin and Freud both made important contributions to psychology, they are not typically associated with the founding of developmental psychology. Piaget is known for his work in cognitive development, but he came after Hall and built upon his ideas.

Question 15

In his book Adolescence (1904), G. Stanley Hall described the period between childhood and adulthood as a time of

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall described adolescence as a time of "storm and stress" with emotional turmoil, rebelliousness, and conflicts with authority figures. This view has been criticized by modern psychologists, but it was influential in shaping perceptions of adolescence for many years.

Question 16

When making a decision on whether or not to follow the latest diet trend, Jillian focuses on what the best scientific research has to say about the topic of nutrition. This indicates that Jillian believes in engaging in _____ practice.

Accepted Answer

Jillian believes in evidence-based practice, which means using the most up-to-date research and evidence to make decisions and inform actions. This is in contrast to speculative or emerging practices, which may not have enough supporting evidence yet, and ethnocentric practices, which rely on cultural biases and assumptions.

Question 17

Which is the best example of the macrosystem of a child?

Accepted Answer

The macrosystem refers to the larger cultural and social context in which the child is raised. Therefore, option B, the culture in which the child is raised, is the best example of the macrosystem. The other options, such as the room, school, and family, refer to smaller environmental factors that are part of the child's microsystem and mesosystem.

Question 18

_____ is often cited as the most influential of the baby biographers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is often cited as the most...

Question 19

Vue is a developmental psychologist who is concerned with helping adolescents learn to deal constructively with divorce. Her work focuses primarily on which goal of developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

The goal of optimization in developmental psychology focuses on how to promote positive development and outcomes, which aligns with Vue's work in helping adolescents learn to deal constructively with divorce. Prediction, explanation, and description are other goals in developmental psychology but do not specifically apply to Vue's work.

Question 20

According to the bioecological model, researchers need to

Accepted Answer

The bioecological model emphasizes the importance of considering the interaction between the person, context, time, and process when studying human development. It also suggests that this interaction can occur at different levels (micro, meso, exo, and macro), and that researchers should study individuals in their real-life settings rather than just in the laboratory. Additionally, the model does not prioritize nature or nurture, but instead suggests that both play a role in shaping development.

Quiz 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development