Question 1

Every time his daughter Luci swears (something he does not like), Lou walks away from her (pays her no attention). This strategy provides a good example of the _____ parental approach.

Accepted Answer

This strategy is an example of love withdrawal, as Lou is paying no attention to his daughter as a result of her behavior. Power assertion would involve using physical or verbal force to control the child's behavior, while induction would involve explaining the consequences of the behavior on others. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of the child, but it is not evident in this scenario.

Question 2

According to researcher Elliot Turiel, "moral rules"

Accepted Answer

According to Turiel, moral rules are concerned with the welfare and basic rights of all individuals, which suggests that they prioritize ethical considerations over situational or subjective factors. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Option B is incorrect because moral rules can be violated in practice, though such violations may carry adverse consequences. Option C is incorrect because unlike situational ethics, moral rules prioritize non-negotiable ethical values over the particularities of any given scenario. Option D is incorrect because while there may be disagreement over the precise definition of individual moral rules, it would be misleading to suggest that they are impossible to define.

Question 3

When two-year-old Simoné sees her friend start to cry when his ice cream cone falls to the ground, she walks over and hands him her cone. In performing this act, Simoné is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Simoné is demonstrating empathy, which is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. She is able to recognize that her friend is upset and takes action to try to make him feel better by offering him her own ice cream cone. This is a sign of emotional intelligence and social awareness, and is often regarded as a positive trait in human beings.

Question 4

Concerning the development of morality,

Accepted Answer

The answer of Concerning the development of morality,
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Question 5

A standard of appropriate behavior that has been determined by social consensus and that applies to a specific social situation is called a

Accepted Answer

A social-conventional rule is a standard of appropriate behavior that has been determined by social consensus and applies to a specific social situation. Moral rules refer to principles of right and wrong that apply universally, while postconventional and preconventional laws are theoretical models of moral development, not specific types of rules.

Question 6

Proactive parenting strategies are designed to _____ misbehavior.

Accepted Answer

Proactive parenting strategies are designed to prevent misbehavior before it occurs, such as setting clear expectations and consequences, teaching positive behaviors, and promoting open communication.

Question 7

In summarizing the best parenting approach for fostering moral growth in children, Hoffman (2000) suggests a "blend of _____."

Accepted Answer

The answer of In summarizing the best parenting approach for...

Question 8

The purpose of _____ is to create anxiety by threatening a loss of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of love withdrawal is to create anxiety by threatening a loss of parental love and affection. Power assertion involves the use of physical or verbal force to gain compliance, induction involves reasoning with the child to help them understand the rationale behind the rules, and empathy involves understanding and sharing the child's emotional experience.

Question 9

What did Kohlberg's research reveal about the moral thinking of five-year-olds?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Kohlberg's research reveal about the...

Question 10

Which is the best example of a power assertion form of discipline?

Accepted Answer

Taking away a child's television privileges is an example of power assertion discipline, where the parent is using their authority to control the child's behavior by taking away something the child values. The other options, such as telling a child that you hate them or taking away parental love, are cruel and harmful forms of discipline that can cause emotional damage. Telling a child that getting hit feels bad is more of a logical consequence form of discipline than a power assertion, as it helps the child understand the consequences of their actions.

Question 11

Which is the best example of a moral rule?

Accepted Answer

The best example of a moral rule is a principle that involves a sense of right and wrong. Option B (Everyone has the right to vote) is an example of a moral rule because it communicates a fundamental principle of justice and democracy that is widely accepted as good and right. The other options do not present clear moral rules, as they are either social norms (taking turns when speaking), subjective preferences (crying at a baseball game), or arbitrary rules (no candy in a movie theater).

Question 12

Children who have attained theory of mind

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand others' thoughts and feelings, which is a key component of theory of mind, allows children to be more empathetic and aware of others' emotional states.

Question 13

Harvey practically killed his pet hamster when he popped him in the tub for a bubble bath. His parents take an inductive approach in responding to this situation by

Accepted Answer

Giving the hamster away or spanking Harvey would not address the root cause of the problem, which is Harvey's lack of knowledge about hamster care. Telling Harvey he's a very mean little boy and they are very disappointed in him would only make him feel bad about himself and might not help him understand where he went wrong. The best approach is to explain to Harvey why putting a hamster in a bubble bath is not a good idea and how to properly care for his pet in the future.

Question 14

Turiel made a distinction between "moral" rules and "social-conventional" rules.Which best exemplifies the concept of a moral rule?

Accepted Answer

"Don't take things that don't belong to you" is an example of a moral rule because it is based on principles of fairness, justice, and respect for others' property. It is a universal ethical principle that applies across cultures and contexts.

Question 15

Ned tells his son Flanders, "For hitting your brother, you need to be disciplined so get ready for a spanking." Ned's parenting approach to moral development best matches with the parenting style referred to as

Accepted Answer

Power assertion is a parenting style that involves the use of physical punishment or threats of violence to correct children's behavior. In this scenario, Ned is threatening Flanders with a spanking to discipline him, which falls under the category of power assertion parenting style.

Question 16

How do newborns demonstrate a sense of empathy?

Accepted Answer

Newborns have been observed to cry in response to hearing other infants cry, demonstrating a basic form of empathy. The other options are not reliable indicators of empathy in newborns.

Question 17

The statement, "Tell a child that hitting is wrong because you can hurt the people" best fits with the _____ parental approach for fostering moral development.

Accepted Answer

The statement provided is an example of the induction approach, which involves explaining the reasons behind certain moral behaviors to children. This approach is in contrast to power assertion, which involves using punishment or rewards to enforce moral behavior, and love withdrawal, which involves threatening to withhold love or affection in response to moral transgressions. The amoral approach is not relevant to this question as it refers to a lack of consideration or awareness of moral issues.

Question 18

Nelson (1980) presented three-year-olds with a story in which a character throws a ball to a playmate, and in which the motive of the thrower and consequence of the act were manipulated. The results of this study showed that three-year-olds _____ when judging the act.

Accepted Answer

The study by Nelson (1980) found that three-year-olds considered both the intent and consequence of the act when judging it. Therefore, the best choice is D, which indicates that the children considered both factors. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they suggest that the children disregarded one or both of these factors, which is not supported by the study's findings.

Question 19

Not sitting in your assigned seat in school is best classified as a

Accepted Answer

Not sitting in your assigned seat in school is a violation of a social-conventional rule, which is a type of rule that is based on social norms and expectations rather than moral principles.

Question 20

Based on the research of Jean Piaget, whom would you expect to have a basis for moral reasoning based on the rule, "All violations will be handled swiftly and harshly-there will be no exceptions."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the research of Jean Piaget,...

Quiz 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development

Every time his daughter Luci swears (something he does not like) , Lou walks away from her (pays her no attention) . This strategy provides a good example of the _____ parental approach.