Question 1

What is the numerator of the t-test in the dependent-means formula?
A)∑D
B)n
C)M₁ − M₂
D)∑D² (n − 1)

Accepted Answer

The numerator of the t-test in the dependent-means formula is the sum of the differences (∑D) between paired observations.

Question 2

Based on the formula for the t-test for dependent means, what does the n represent?
A)sum of the means
B)number of participants
C)number of pairs of observations
D)sum of all scores

Accepted Answer

The formula for the t-test for dependent means is (M1-M2)/(SD/sqrt(n)). The n in this formula represents the number of pairs of observations, as the t-test for dependent means is used when we have two sets of scores that are related to one another (e.g., before and after treatment scores from the same participants). Therefore, we need to know the number of pairs of observations to calculate the standard error of the difference between the two means.

Question 3

In running a t-test for dependent means on a group of individuals, how many individuals are there in the group when the degree of freedom is 58?
A)57
B)58
C)59
D)60

Accepted Answer

The formula for degree of freedom in a t-test for dependent means is n-1, where n is the number of individuals in the group. Therefore, n-1=58 which means n=59.

Question 4

According to the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, how many individuals were there in the group?
A)77
B)78
C)79
D)80

Accepted Answer

The subscript in t₍₇₈₎ refers to the degrees of freedom, which is the sample size minus one. Therefore, the sample size is 78 + 1 = 79.

Question 5

If your degrees of freedom is 98, your sample size when conducting a t-test for dependent means must be _______.
A)97
B)99
C)98
D)100

Accepted Answer

The answer of If your degrees of freedom is 98,...

Question 6

If you are running a t-test for dependent means on a group of 96 individuals, your degrees of freedom will be _______.
A)94
B)95
C)96
D)90

Accepted Answer

The degrees of freedom for a t-test for dependent means is calculated as the number of pairs minus one, which is 96 - 1 = 95.

Question 7

When calculating a dependent-samples t-test, the order in which you input the posttest score and pretest score can change the t value.If you input the pretest first, the obtained value will be _______.
A)positive
B)negative
C)neutral
D)invalid

Accepted Answer

If you input the pretest score first, the obtained t value will be negative. This is because the formula for calculating the t value involves subtracting the pretest scores from the posttest scores, and a negative difference will result in a negative t value.

Question 8

Which of the following represents degrees of freedom?
A)fd
B)df
C)d
D)f

Accepted Answer

"df" stands for "degrees of freedom."

Question 9

When using a t-test for dependent means, what is true of the sample?
A)There are two different groups.
B)They are the same group.
C)There are more than 50.
D)They are observed once.

Accepted Answer

A t-test for dependent means, also known as a paired t-test, compares the means of two related groups (such as the same group measured before and after a treatment). Therefore, the sample is the same group, or dependent, and not two separate groups.

Question 10

Which of the following relates to the difference you expect when conducting a t-test?
A)hypothesized mean difference
B)Pearson correlation
C)observations
D)variance

Accepted Answer

The hypothesized mean difference reflects the expected difference between the means of two groups being compared in a t-test. This forms the basis for conducting the test and determining if the observed difference is statistically significant.

Question 11

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does p < .01 represent?
A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the degrees of freedom
D)the level of significance

Accepted Answer

p < .01 represents the level of significance, which is the probability of obtaining the observed outcome by chance if the null hypothesis is true. A significance level of .01 indicates that there is a 1% chance of obtaining a result as extreme as the observed one if the null hypothesis is true. Therefore, it is a measure of how confident we are that the result is not due to chance.

Question 12

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does 1.03 represent?
A)test statistic
B)degrees of freedom
C)obtained value
D)alpha level

Accepted Answer

The obtained value is the value of the test statistic that was calculated from the sample data.

Question 13

What is another name for a dependent-samples t-test?
A)single sample
B)double measures
C)repeated measures
D)freed sample

Accepted Answer

A dependent-samples t-test is also known as a repeated measures t-test because it involves comparing the same group of participants under two different conditions or at two different points in time. The other answer options are not correct: A single sample t-test compares the mean of a sample against a known population mean, a double measures t-test is not a commonly used term, and a freed sample t-test does not exist.

Question 14

Dr.Moo would like to find out if there was a significant difference between male and female patients' anxiety scores.What is the appropriate test to run?
A)independent-samples t-test
B)factorial ANOVA
C)dependent-samples t-test
D)Pearson correlation

Accepted Answer

The appropriate test to run in this situation is an independent-samples t-test. This test is used to compare the means of two distinct groups and determine if there is a statistically significant difference between them. In this case, the two distinct groups are male and female patients, and the variable being measured is anxiety scores. A factorial ANOVA is used to compare means across multiple groups and multiple independent variables. A dependent-samples t-test is used when comparing the means of the same group under two different conditions. A Pearson correlation is used to determine the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two continuous variables.

Question 15

What is used to examine the degree of the relationship between variables?
A)hypothesized mean difference
B)correlation
C)observations
D)variance

Accepted Answer

Correlation is used to examine the degree of the relationship between variables. Hypothesized mean difference is a concept related to hypothesis testing. Observations are what data is collected from. Variance measures the spread of a data set.

Question 16

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does t represent?
A)test statistic
B)degrees of freedom
C)obtained value
D)alpha level

Accepted Answer

In hypothesis testing, the t-value represents the test statistic that is calculated by dividing the difference between the sample mean and the hypothesized population mean by the standard error of the mean. Therefore, in the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, t represents the test statistic.

Question 17

How many observations are there for each case in a t-test for dependent samples?
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)more than three

Accepted Answer

There are two observations for each case in a t-test for dependent samples, as the test compares the means of two related groups (e.g. before and after a treatment).

Question 18

Dr.Moo would like to find out if there was a significant difference between her patients' anxiety scores before and after they completed a yoga program.What is the appropriate test to run?
A)independent-samples t-test
B)factorial ANOVA
C)dependent-samples t-test
D)Pearson correlation

Accepted Answer

A dependent-samples t-test would be appropriate for comparing the anxiety scores of the same group of patients before and after completing the yoga program.

Question 19

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does 78 represent?
A)test statistic
B)degrees of freedom
C)obtained value
D)alpha level

Accepted Answer

78 represents the degrees of freedom. The subscripts in the t-statistic notation indicate the degrees of freedom.

Question 20

If you are interested in studying the same group under two conditions, what test should you use?
A)independent-samples t-test
B)dependent-samples t-test
C)related-populations t-test
D)correlation coefficient

Accepted Answer

A dependent-samples t-test should be used when studying the same group under two conditions because it compares the means of the same group at two different time points or situations. It is also known as a paired samples t-test. The other options are not appropriate for this scenario: independent-samples t-test compares the means of two groups, related-populations t-test compares two different populations, and correlation coefficient measures the relationship between two variables.

Quiz 12: Tea for Two Again: Tests Between the Means of Related Groups

What is the numerator of the t-test in the dependent-means formula?

Based on the formula for the t-test for dependent means, what does the n represent?

In running a t-test for dependent means on a group of individuals, how many individuals are there in the group when the degree of freedom is 58?

According to the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, how many individuals were there in the group?

If your degrees of freedom is 98, your sample size when conducting a t-test for dependent means must be _______.

If you are running a t-test for dependent means on a group of 96 individuals, your degrees of freedom will be _______.

When calculating a dependent-samples t-test, the order in which you input the posttest score and pretest score can change the t value.If you input the pretest first, the obtained value will be _______.

Which of the following represents degrees of freedom?

When using a t-test for dependent means, what is true of the sample?

Which of the following relates to the difference you expect when conducting a t-test?

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does p < .01 represent?

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does 1.03 represent?

What is another name for a dependent-samples t-test?

Dr.Moo would like to find out if there was a significant difference between male and female patients' anxiety scores.What is the appropriate test to run?

What is used to examine the degree of the relationship between variables?

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does t represent?

How many observations are there for each case in a t-test for dependent samples?

Dr.Moo would like to find out if there was a significant difference between her patients' anxiety scores before and after they completed a yoga program.What is the appropriate test to run?

In the equation t₍₇₈₎ = 1.03, p < .01, what does 78 represent?

If you are interested in studying the same group under two conditions, what test should you use?