Question 1

Which of the following is the key to a measurable objective?
A) The time frame
B) The performance verb
C) The condition
D) A specific goal

Accepted Answer

The performance verb is the key to a measurable objective; it is an action word, such as "write," "demonstrate," or "recite." The performance verb is essential in writing a measurable objective. The inclusion of a condition and a criterion makes the objective more specific and useful to the learner.

Question 2

Which of the following is the federal government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans?
A) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
C) National Institutes of Health (NIH)
D) Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

Accepted Answer

DHHS is the federal government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans. DHHS is the largest grant-making agency in the federal government. DHHS works with state and local governments and funds services at the local level through state or county agencies or through private sector grantees. The rest of the choices are public health service operating divisions of the DHHS.

Question 3

Which of the following set of terms describes dental caries?
A) Transmissible, acute, and preventable
B) Transmissible, chronic, and not preventable
C) Transmissible, chronic, and preventable
D) Transmissible, acute, and not preventable

Accepted Answer

Dental caries is a transmissible chronic disease that can be prevented.

Question 4

An oral health coalition is which of the following?
A) A division of the Department of Labor
B) A cooperative effort on the part of many individuals and organizations to build systems and develop programs that improve community health
C) A collaboration between dental schools and dental hygiene programs
D) A yearly event that provides care for low-income individuals with no out-of-pocket expense

Accepted Answer

An oral health coalition is a cooperative effort on the part of many individuals and organizations to build systems and develop programs that improve community health.. SOHP depend on oral health coalitions and community advocates to implement and promote comprehensive oral health services in the state and local communities to improve the oral health and overall health for people of all ages.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of essential public health services for oral health?
A) Describes the roles of a community initiative
B) Developed by the environmental protection agency (EPA)
C) Used in the development and evaluation of public health activities at the state level

Accepted Answer

The core public health functions (assessment, policy development, and assurance) and the essential public health services to promote oral health developed by ASTDD shape the basic practice of dental public health. These guidelines describe the roles of state oral health programs and have been used in the development and evaluation of public health activities at the state level.

Question 6

School-based pit and fissure sealant programs reduced dental caries as much as what percentage?
A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Accepted Answer

School-based pit and fissure sealant programs reduced dental caries as much as 60%.

Question 7

Which of the following helps define a best-practice approach to oral health programs?
A) Practices that seem to be true over time
B) Practices seen in clinical practice
C) Practices that are supported by evidence for impact and effectiveness
D) The consensus of what clinicians believe is true

Accepted Answer

The Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and other organizations/agencies recognize best-practice approaches to oral health programs in order to promote health equity and quality of life, eliminate oral health disparities, and achieve improved oral health and consequently overall health for all populations. The ASTDD defines a best-practice approach as a public health strategy that is supported by evidence for its impact and effectiveness.

Question 8

The "WHAT" in the implementation strategy development should address which of the following?
A) The organization responsible for each action step
B) The activities required to achieve the objectives
C) The chronologic sequence of the action steps
D) What materials, methods, media are needed

Accepted Answer

The implementation phase of a program includes the ongoing process of putting the plan into action and monitoring the plan's activities, personnel, equipment, resources, and supplies. The "WHAT" addressed the activities required to achieve the objectives. The organization responsible for each action step addresses the "who"; the chronologic sequence of the action steps answers the "when"; what materials, methods, media are needed answers the "how."

Question 9

Using a smaller population for a community oral health program with the intent to expand later on is called:
A) test marketing.
B) pilot testing.
C) a stratified sample.
D) testing the waters.

Accepted Answer

For ease in addressing these questions, many community oral health programs begin on a small scale; it is called pilot testing. This implementation strategy allows an opportunity for formative evaluation of the program operation and provides ease in control and monitoring of the program activities. A pilot program provides useful information and enables decisions to be made about the future of the program.

Question 10

Developing goals and objectives during the development of an oral health program in the community is part of which of the following processes?
A) Assessment
B) Planning
C) Implementation
D) Evaluation

Accepted Answer

Developing goals, objectives, and program activities is part of the planning process. During this stage, it is essential to have community involvement and participation. The formulation of program goals and objectives is an active process, offering specific proposals for changes to be made in the community.

Question 11

Many individual county and city health departments have federally funded clinics that offer services on a sliding scale fee schedule and accept clients who receive public assistance through which of the following?
A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
D) Workforce development

Accepted Answer

Many of these clinics are federally funded, offering services on a sliding scale fee schedule and accepting clients who receive public assistance through Medicaid. Hours of clinic operation are tailored to best meet the needs of the population they serve. The clinics provide diagnostic, preventive, and restorative oral health services to older adults, the indigent population, and the working poor. In addition, some of these clinics operate sealant, oral health education, and other preventive programs in local schools.

Question 12

If a community's perception of needs is adhered to exclusively, actual clinical health problems may go untreated because of which of the following?
A) Funding is limited
B) People are not knowledgeable about many areas of health care
C) There are differences between wants and needs
D) Desires are endless

Accepted Answer

People are not knowledgeable about many areas of health care. The solution to this dilemma involves striking a delicate balance between negligence and overzealousness. Although it is unethical to impose one's own perceptions on a community, it is the professional's responsibility to inform people of existing problems and their consequences.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of implementation?
A) An organized and systematic approach to identify a target group and to define the extent and severity of oral health needs present
B) An organized response to reduce or eliminate one or more problems
C) Includes the process of putting the plan into action and monitoring the plan's activities, personnel, equipment, resources, and supplies
D) Provides the method of measuring results of the program against objectives developed during the early planning stages

Accepted Answer

Implementation includes the process of putting the plan into action and monitoring the plan's activities, personnel, equipment, resources, and supplies. This step should include feedback from personnel and participants as well as ongoing evaluation mechanisms.

Question 14

Which of the following is true for evaluation of a community oral health program?
A) Evaluation determines whether the program accomplishes what it was designed to accomplish.
B) A summary of what went well and what did not is adequate.
C) A negative outcome means that the program has been a failure.
D) Drawing conclusions based on intuition is adequate.

Accepted Answer

Evaluation determines whether or not a program has accomplished what it was designed to accomplish. The objectives themselves must be specifically addressed. Summarizing what went well and what did not or drawing conclusions based on intuition is not appropriate or adequate. A negative outcome does not mean that the program has been a failure.

Question 15

If the objectives of a community health program are not met, it does not mean a program is a failure for which of the following reasons?
A) The workers were reimbursed for their time.
B) If a program is evaluated properly, in some sense it has been a success.
C) Some form of care was delivered to the public.
D) At least the implementers tried.

Accepted Answer

Inherent in program evaluation is the possibility of attaining a negative outcome, that is, the conclusion that the objectives have not been met. At the same time, however, this does not mean that the program has been a failure. If a program is evaluated properly so that negative outcomes become learning experiences and indicators of future programming and research, in some sense it has been a success.

Question 16

Which of the following is the first step in evaluation of a community oral health program?
A) Examine the specific measurable objectives.
B) Evaluate the measurable outcomes.
C) Perform pilot testing.
D) Review the program goals.

Accepted Answer

The first step in evaluation is to review the program goals and then examine the specific measurable objectives. The data that are obtained through measuring the objectives are called the measurable outcomes. Each objective should be reviewed to determine how well it is meeting the program goals.

Question 17

Approximately what percentage of the states have full-time dental directors who provide leadership and guidance in the planning, funding, and implementation of oral health promotion programs for the residents of the states they serve?
A) 50%
B) 66%
C) 88%
D) 95%

Accepted Answer

State dental directors provide leadership and guidance for the state oral health programs (SOHP). Approximately 88% of state dental directors are full time, representing a significant increase in the number of states with full-time dental directors in the last decade. In addition to the state dental directors, SOHPs employ regional dental directors, public health educators, clinical dentists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants who provide oral health services to underserved populations.

Question 18

Which area of program planning describes how the objectives will be accomplished?
A) Program goals
B) Program objectives
C) Program activities (interventions)
D) Program implementation

Accepted Answer

Program activities describe how the objectives will be accomplished. In planning these program activities, one must carefully consider the type of resources available as well as program restraints.

Question 19

The community is viewed as the patient in public health, and which of the following can be compared with the evaluation of the patient's treatment?
A) Assessment
B) Planning
C) Implementation
D) Evaluation

Accepted Answer

Evaluation and review of the program can be compared with the evaluation of the patient's treatment. The community survey is comparable to the patient's examination for assessment. The program plan and implementation are similar to the treatment plan and the treatment of the patient.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of formative evaluation?
A) It involves judging the merit or worth of a program prior to the initiation.
B) It is an attempt to determine whether a fully operational program is meeting the goals for which it was developed.
C) It is an examination of the processes or activities of a program as they are taking place.
D) It measures outcomes and objectives.

Accepted Answer

Formative evaluation, or the internal evaluation of a program, is an examination of the processes or activities of a program as they are taking place. The purpose of formative evaluation is to identify problems and solutions to assist in revising the program as needed even as it is being conducted. Implementation, like planning, involves individuals, agencies, and the community working together.

Quiz 6: Oral Health Programs in the Community

Which of the following is the key to a measurable objective?

Which of the following is the federal government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans?

Which of the following set of terms describes dental caries?

An oral health coalition is which of the following?

Which of the following is true of essential public health services for oral health?

School-based pit and fissure sealant programs reduced dental caries as much as what percentage?

Which of the following helps define a best-practice approach to oral health programs?

The "WHAT" in the implementation strategy development should address which of the following?

Using a smaller population for a community oral health program with the intent to expand later on is called:

Developing goals and objectives during the development of an oral health program in the community is part of which of the following processes?

Many individual county and city health departments have federally funded clinics that offer services on a sliding scale fee schedule and accept clients who receive public assistance through which of the following?

If a community's perception of needs is adhered to exclusively, actual clinical health problems may go untreated because of which of the following?

Which of the following is true of implementation?

Which of the following is true for evaluation of a community oral health program?

If the objectives of a community health program are not met, it does not mean a program is a failure for which of the following reasons?

Which of the following is the first step in evaluation of a community oral health program?

Approximately what percentage of the states have full-time dental directors who provide leadership and guidance in the planning, funding, and implementation of oral health promotion programs for the residents of the states they serve?

Which area of program planning describes how the objectives will be accomplished?

The community is viewed as the patient in public health, and which of the following can be compared with the evaluation of the patient's treatment?

Which of the following is true of formative evaluation?