Question 1

Doug runs a lawn care company.He believes his employees are motivated to do a good job for the customer without his having to constantly involve himself in their work.He does do some spot checks,but mainly to show his support for his employees.He knows his employees will go the extra mile for the customer and treat lawn problems they notice along the way.Doug's management style can be classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

Doug's management style exhibits characteristics of Theory Y, which assumes that employees are intrinsically motivated to do a good job and will take initiative to meet organizational goals. He trusts his employees and believes they will perform well without constant supervision, and provides support and encouragement to help them succeed.

Question 2

Christina supervises a group of employees at a company that just went through a downsizing.Many other supervisors are no longer with the company and their employees have been assigned to Christina.Her group has doubled in size and there are some hard feelings among the employees.Christina decides to hold group breakfast meetings once a week to connect people to one another and to boost morale.She is an empathetic leader who listens to her employees and helps solve conflicts.Which of the following best describes Christina's leadership style?

Accepted Answer

Christina's leadership style is affiliative, as she is promoting a sense of community and teamwork by holding group breakfast meetings and addressing conflicts through empathy and listening. This style is focused on building relationships and improving morale. Visionary leaders have a clear vision and inspire their followers to achieve it, while autocratic leaders make all the decisions and expect obedience from their employees. Pacesetting leaders set the pace and high standards for their team, and democratic leaders involve their team in decision-making processes.

Question 3

Karen is an accountant for a large construction company.Her supervisor decides to reward Karen's excellent performance with a one-time bonus.To Karen,this could be a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A one-time bonus is a tangible, external reward provided by Karen's supervisor in recognition of her excellent performance. This falls under the category of extrinsic motivators, which refer to incentives that come from external sources rather than from within the individual.

Question 4

Juan is frustrated with his job of five years.He feels like nothing he does has any effect on the company's success or failure.He believes that his personal successes probably will not benefit him and,if there is any benefit,it will be very small.According to Vroom,Juan has ________.

Accepted Answer

Juan's belief that his personal successes will not benefit him and if there is any benefit, it will be very small shows that he has low motivation according to Vroom's expectancy theory. The theory suggests that for an individual to be motivated, they must have the expectancy that their efforts will lead to a certain level of performance and that this performance will result in certain outcomes or rewards that have a positive valence. Juan's belief that his efforts will not lead to rewards with significant valence indicates low motivation.

Question 5

Natalia is a new employee in the sales department.Her early results are so tremendous that the regional sales manager sent an e-mail to the sales department praising Natalia's work.To Natalia,this could be a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The e-mail from the regional sales manager is an external reward or recognition, which classifies as an extrinsic motivator. It is not related to Natalia's internal satisfaction, skills, or growth, which are the characteristics of intrinsic or self-actualization motivators. Resonance and virtual motivators are not common terms in motivation theory.

Question 6

For her psychology project,Melissa has decided to study the production levels of cooks at a local fast food restaurant.She expects the cooks in her study group to outperform the cooks in her control group because of ________.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon in which individuals alter their behavior because they are being observed or studied. In this case, the cooks in Melissa's study group may perform better simply because they know they are being studied, leading to higher production levels than the control group. The other options, such as Taylor effect, intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, and expectancy theory, may play a role in worker productivity, but they are not specific to the Hawthorne effect.

Question 7

According to the Hawthorne effect,________.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect states that workers will be more productive when they know they are being studied. This is because the attention they receive tends to increase their motivation to work harder and be more productive. The other answer choices are not consistent with the Hawthorne effect.

Question 8

In which type of business would you most likely find a Theory X style of management?

Accepted Answer

Mass manufacturing companies typically operate using hierarchical structures with strict rules and procedures, which aligns with Theory X management style. In this type of management, employees are seen as only motivated by external rewards and controlled by the threat of punishment, rather than being self-motivated or intrinsically driven.

Question 9

According to Vroom's model,which psychological force answers the question,"How great a reward will there be if my performance is exemplary?"

Accepted Answer

Valence is the psychological force that determines how much an individual values a particular outcome or reward. It answers the question of how much an individual desires or wants a particular reward.

Question 10

Barbara is a high school teacher and just completed her master's degree in education.Her department head rewards her with an increase in salary.To Barbara,this could be a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

An increase in salary is an external reward, making it an extrinsic motivator.

Question 11

Anna,a psychology major,studied the history of her favorite subject.She learned that in the early 1900s,________ psychology was created to understand scientifically how to manage employees and work optimally.

Accepted Answer

The early 1900s saw the emergence of industrial psychology, which focused on managing employees and optimizing work scientifically. This branch of psychology was also later termed as organizational psychology or occupational psychology.

Question 12

Jeffrey runs a small magazine,which has always been printed and mailed to subscribers.Jeffrey has dreamed of creating a way to provide customers with an inexpensive,portable,electronic resource for reading magazines.To inspire his employees and move them toward sharing in his dream,he holds small group meetings to explain how their efforts can contribute to his goals.Which of the following best describes Jeffrey's leadership style?

Accepted Answer

Jeffrey's leadership style can be described as visionary as he has a dream and inspires his employees to share in his vision. He holds meetings to communicate his goals and how their efforts can contribute to achieving those goals. As per this information, Jeffrey shows a visionary leadership style.

Question 13

According to Vroom's model,instrumentality answers which of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Vroom's model,instrumentality answers which of...

Question 14

Which statement about Theory Z is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Theory Z is based on a Japanese management style that emphasizes trust, collaboration, and loyalty. It is known for creating high productivity, high morale, and low turnover rates, so the statement that it often creates high turnover is false.

Question 15

Eva runs a housecleaning business.She provides each employee with a written set of step-by-step instructions for how to use each cleaner and how to clean every aspect of a client's home.Eva routinely drops in unannounced to make sure her employees are doing as they're told.Eva knows her employees seek only the security of a job with a paycheck and do not care about the quality of the work they produce.Eva's management style can be classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

Eva's management style aligns with Theory X, which assumes that employees are inherently lazy and need to be closely monitored to ensure they do their job correctly. She provides detailed instructions and drops in unannounced to check on her employees, indicating a lack of trust and control over her workers. The fact that she thinks her employees only seek job security and do not care about the quality of their work also supports the idea that she has a Theory X management style.

Question 16

Timothy is president of a large company.He is known for being an excellent listener and collaborator.He believes that the working environment would improve if employees were organized into cross-functional work teams instead of functional departments.In order to build a consensus for this new environment,Timothy asks for employee input and participation.Which of the following best describes Timothy's leadership style?

Accepted Answer

Timothy's leadership style is democratic because he is seeking input and participation from employees in order to build consensus for the new environment. He values collaboration and listening, which are key characteristics of a democratic leader.

Question 17

Which statement about a Theory Y management style is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Theory Y management style assumes that people seek not only security but also other needs, such as autonomy, recognition, and self-actualization. Thus, statement C, claiming that people mainly want job security, contradicts this assumption and is false.

Question 18

Donald was just assigned supervisory responsibilities for two problem employees.Donald tends to use tight controls and closely monitors employees' work.He believes threats are the best motivation tool out there.Which of the following best describes Donald's leadership style?

Accepted Answer

Donald's leadership style is autocratic, as he believes in tight controls and using threats to motivate employees. This leadership style is characterized by a top-down approach where the leader makes decisions without consulting employees and has a high degree of control over the organization.

Question 19

InfoTech offers its employees long-term employment with a focus on individual responsibility.As a result,its workers are loyal to the organization,are highly productive,and have strong morale.The management style InfoTech most likely is applying is ________.

Accepted Answer

The management style described in the scenario is most aligned with Theory Z, which emphasizes long-term employment, employee loyalty, and strong morale. Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy and need to be closely monitored and controlled, while Theory Y assumes that employees are capable of taking responsibility and working towards organizational goals. Expectancy theory focuses on the relationship between effort, performance, and outcomes, while strength-based management emphasizes leveraging employees' unique strengths and talents.

Question 20

William was a factory worker in the 1920s.His company trained him in the exact sequence of steps he needed to make each day so that he would work to maximum productivity.William's company was using the principles of ________.

Accepted Answer

The principles used by William's company are those of scientific management, a theory developed by Frederick Taylor in the early 20th century to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace. Scientific management focused on optimizing worker performance by breaking down tasks into smaller, simpler steps and training workers to perform them efficiently.

Quiz 8: Motivation, Leadership, and Teamwork

Karen is an accountant for a large construction company.Her supervisor decides to reward Karen's excellent performance with a one-time bonus.To Karen,this could be a(n) ________.