Question 1

____________________ exists that low-level ionizing radiation causes a statistically significant increase in the threat of malignancy.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 52 years old.

Accepted Answer

According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Cumulative Effective Dose (CumEfD) limit for an occupationally exposed person is 20 mSv multiplied by the individual's age in years, with a maximum limit of 1,000 mSv. Therefore, for a 52-year-old person, the CumEfD limit would be 20 mSv × 52 = 1040 mSv, but the maximum limit is 1,000 mSv. Therefore, the answer is option C, 520 mSv.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Medical imaging personnel are typically trained to minimize their exposure to radiation and take appropriate safety measures. As a result, they almost never receive equivalent doses that are close to the annual effective dose limit. However, there may be some rare exceptions, such as in emergency situations, where personnel may receive higher doses.

Question 4

If a cancer induced by 2 Gy of ionizing radiation is compared with a cancer induced by 0.2 Gy of ionizing radiation,the cancer induced by the larger absorbed dose is no worse than the cancer induced by the smaller absorbed dose,but the chance of cancer induction from the larger dose is:

Accepted Answer

The larger absorbed dose of 2 Gy of ionizing radiation increases the chance of cancer induction compared to a smaller absorbed dose of 0.2 Gy. The severity of the cancer may be the same, but the chance of its induction is higher with the larger absorbed dose.

Question 5

Which of the following terms means "random in nature"?

Accepted Answer

Stochastic means random in nature.

Question 6

Which of the following are functions and/or responsibilities of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?
1)Functions as a monitoring agency in places of employment,predominantly in industry
2)Regulates occupational exposure to radiation through Part 1910 of Title 29 of the U.S.Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1910)
3)Responsible for regulations concerning the "right to know" of employees with regard to hazards that may be present in the workplace

Accepted Answer

All three options listed are functions and/or responsibilities of OSHA. OSHA is responsible for monitoring and regulating workplace safety, including exposure to radiation and ensuring that employees have access to information about hazards in the workplace. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 7

Occasional exposure for the purpose of education and training is permitted,provided that special care is taken to ensure that the annual effective dose limit of ____________ is not exceeded.

Accepted Answer

According to international guidelines, the annual effective dose limit for occupational exposure is 20 mSv. Occasional exposure for education and training purposes is permitted as long as the limit is not exceeded. Therefore, the best choice is B, which is 1 mSv, as this ensures that the limit is not exceeded while still providing opportunities for education and training.

Question 8

The responsibility for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and for providing counseling for individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits belongs to the:

Accepted Answer

The designated radiation safety officer (RSO) is responsible for maintaining radiation monitoring records for all personnel and ensuring that individuals who receive monitor readings in excess of allowable limits are provided with counseling. The hospital administrator and director of human resources may have some oversight, but the RSO is the individual with direct responsibility for radiation safety in the facility. The radiologic technologist in charge of quality control may oversee equipment calibration and quality assurance, but is not responsible for maintaining personnel monitoring records or providing counseling for radiation exposure.

Question 9

Which of the following agencies was previously known as the Atomic Energy Commission?

Accepted Answer

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was previously known as the Atomic Energy Commission, which was established by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 to oversee the development and regulation of nuclear technology in the United States.

Question 10

Which of the following are responsibilities of a health care facility's radiation safety committee (RSC)?
1)Assist in the development of the radiation safety program
2)Provide guidance for the radiation safety program
3)Facilitate the ongoing operation of the radiation safety program

Accepted Answer

The RSC is responsible for assisting in the development, providing guidance, and facilitating the ongoing operation of the radiation safety program, making choices A, B, and C all incorrect options. Therefore, the correct answer is D, which lists all three responsibilities.

Question 11

In general,deterministic effects typically occur:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general,deterministic effects typically occur:
...

Question 12

The essential concept underlying radiation protection is that:

Accepted Answer

The essential concept underlying radiation protection is that any organ in the human body is vulnerable to damage from exposure to ionizing radiation. While some organs may be more sensitive to radiation than others, it is still important to protect all organs from exposure to potentially harmful levels of radiation.

Question 13

When whole-body occupational exposure is controlled by keeping the effective dose (EfD) well below the upper boundary limit,the possibility of inducing stochastic effects of radiation is:

Accepted Answer

When the effective dose is kept well below the upper boundary limit, the possibility of inducing stochastic effects of radiation is minimized. Stochastic effects are random and unpredictable, and their likelihood increases with higher doses of radiation. Therefore, controlling exposure to keep the effective dose low helps to reduce the risk of stochastic effects.

Question 14

The annual occupational effective dose (EfD) limit does not include:
1)personal medical radiation exposure from an imaging procedure.
2)natural background radiation exposure.
3)radiation exposure received on the job.

Accepted Answer

The annual occupational effective dose (EfD) limit only pertains to radiation exposure received on the job and does not include personal medical radiation exposure from an imaging procedure or natural background radiation exposure.

Question 15

Determine the cumulative effective dose (CumEfD) limit to the whole body of an occupationally exposed person who is 46 years old.

Accepted Answer

According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Cumulative Effective Dose (CumEfD) limit for an occupationally exposed person at the age of 46 is 460 mSv. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 16

Epidemiologic studies of atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero have provided conclusive evidence of a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of severe mental retardation for fetal doses greater than approximately:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Epidemiologic studies of atomic bomb survivors exposed...

Question 17

The main function of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is to:
1)inspect imaging facilities.
2)oversee the nuclear energy industry.
3)regulate imaging facilities.

Accepted Answer

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) oversees the nuclear energy industry and ensures the safe use of nuclear materials for peaceful purposes, but it does not have authority over imaging facilities. Inspecting and regulating imaging facilities falls under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Question 18

The ALARA concept presents an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between:

Accepted Answer

ALARA stands for As Low As Reasonably Achievable, and it is a principle used in radiation safety to minimize exposure to ionizing radiation. The ALARA concept emphasizes that even low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the potential risk of adverse health effects, such as cancer. Therefore, it presents an extremely conservative model with respect to the relationship between ionizing radiation and potential risk.

Question 19

The effective dose (EfD) limiting system supersedes:

Accepted Answer

The effective dose (EfD) limiting system supersedes the maximum permissible dose (MPD) system, which was the previous standard for radiation dose limits. The other options (A, B, and D) are incorrect as the EfD limiting system does not supercede all OSHA regulations, NRC regulations or the Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981.

Question 20

Which of the following groups is run by the government of Japan,primarily to study Japanese atomic bomb survivors?

Accepted Answer

The Radiation Effects Research Foundation is run by the government of Japan and is primarily focused on studying the effects of radiation on Japanese atomic bomb survivors.

Quiz 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation