Question 1

Which of the following is true of the polygraph?

Accepted Answer

The Comparison Question Test (CQT) is indeed the most commonly used method in polygraph examinations. This method involves comparing responses to relevant questions about the issue under investigation with responses to control questions that are not related to the issue.

Question 2

In general,how accurate do people tend to be when using verbal and non-verbal behaviour to detect deception (where a value of 100% indicates that they can accurately discriminate between truthful people and deceptive people all of the time)?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that people are generally only slightly better than chance at detecting deception, with accuracy rates typically falling between 45% and 65%.

Question 3

You have been falsely accused of stealing a laptop computer from a professor's office.The police have requested that you take a polygraph test to prove your innocence.In light of your knowledge of the types of errors most likely to be made by different types of polygraph exams,you agree to do so only if the examiner uses the:

Accepted Answer

The concealed information test (CIT), also known as the guilty knowledge test, is designed to determine if the examinee knows details about a crime that only the perpetrator would know. This method reduces the likelihood of false positives, making it a more reliable choice for someone falsely accused and wanting to prove their innocence.

Question 4

When using an ERP to detect deception,guilty suspects should respond to crime-relevant events and details with a large __________ relative to noncrime-relevant events.

Accepted Answer

The P300 response is an event-related potential (ERP) that is associated with attention allocation and cognitive processing. When a suspect is guilty, they should show a larger P300 response when crime-relevant events and details are presented compared to noncrime-relevant events. This is because guilty suspects are more likely to have a heightened emotional and cognitive response to crime-relevant stimuli. Therefore, the P300 response is a useful measure for detecting deception in ERP-based lie detection tests.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is false?
...

Question 6

In a study by McCabe,Castel,and Rhodes (2011),which type of lie detection test was associated with the greatest number of guilty verdicts returned by mock jurors?

Accepted Answer

The study by McCabe, Castel, and Rhodes (2011) found that fMRI lie detection was associated with the greatest number of guilty verdicts returned by mock jurors. This suggests that jurors might perceive fMRI evidence as more reliable or convincing compared to other lie detection methods.

Question 7

Which of the following has not been found effective as a countermeasure to "beat" the polygraph test?

Accepted Answer

While all of the options listed have been attempted as countermeasures to beat the polygraph test, anti-anxiety drugs have not been shown to reliably affect test results. In fact, such drugs can sometimes have the opposite effect and actually increase physiological responses that are measured by the polygraph.

Question 8

A study by Hillman,Vrij,and Mann (2012)found that _____________ were more associated with truth-telling relative to lying.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A study by Hillman,Vrij,and Mann (2012)found that...

Question 9

When using brain-based polygraph techniques,what does ERP stand for?

Accepted Answer

ERP stands for event-related brain potential, which is a measure of changes in brain activity in response to specific stimuli or events. In brain-based polygraph techniques, ERPs can be used to detect deception by looking for patterns of brain activity that are associated with lying or concealing information.

Question 10

Which of the following techniques has not been proposed as a method of detecting deception?

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) has not been proposed as a method of detecting deception. It is a projective psychological test used primarily to reveal a person's social drives or needs by their interpretation of a series of pictures of emotionally ambiguous situations, rather than being a tool for lie detection. Techniques like ERPs (Event-Related Potentials), fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), changes in "facial temperature," and polygraph tests have all been explored as methods to detect deception.

Question 11

Melissa is participating in a deception detection study.She is given a set of 12 videos to watch and is required to indicate whether the person in the video is telling the truth or lying.She indicates that she believes 10 of the 12 to be telling the truth.Her results demonstrate what phenomenon in deception detection studies?

Accepted Answer

Melissa's results demonstrate a truth bias, which is the tendency for people to believe that others are telling the truth.

Question 12

Which nonverbal cue has consistently been found to indicate deception?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that there is no single nonverbal cue that consistently indicates deception across different contexts and individuals. Nonverbal cues, such as gaze aversion, fidgeting, or blinking, can vary widely among individuals and situations, making it difficult to reliably use any one cue as an indicator of lying.

Question 13

Which verbal indicator has been most strongly associated with deception?

Accepted Answer

Voice pitch is often associated with deception as it tends to increase when a person is lying due to stress or anxiety.

Question 14

In what case did the Supreme Court of Canada rule that polygraph evidence should not be admitted in court to help determine truthfulness?

Accepted Answer

R.v.Beland is the case in which the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that polygraph evidence should not be admitted in court to help determine truthfulness.

Question 15

In a study on beliefs about lying,what was the most common stereotype about liars?

Accepted Answer

The most common stereotype about liars reported in the study was that they avoid eye contact.

Question 16

Testing using fMRI procedures has indicated that the areas of the brain most commonly associated with lying are:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the prefrontal lobe (which is responsible for executive functions like decision making and impulse control) and the anterior cingulate cortex (which monitors conflicts between different thoughts) are highly active when a person is lying. These areas work together to suppress truthful responses and produce a convincing lie.

Question 17

Recent research by Matsumoto,Hwang,Skinner,and Frank (2011)has recommended that during interrogations,investigators should pay attention not only to what a suspect says but also the suspect's face.Why was this recommendation made?

Accepted Answer

According to the research by Matsumoto et al. (2011), micro facial expressions can provide clues about a suspect's true emotions, which can be indicative of deception. Therefore, paying attention to a suspect's facial expressions can help investigators detect lies during interrogations.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding the detection of deception?

Accepted Answer

All the statements provided are true regarding the detection of deception. People can indeed be trained to improve their ability to detect deception (A), and research has shown that individuals tend to be better at detecting truth than lies (B). High-stake lies often involve more stress and cognitive load on the liar, making them potentially easier to detect than low-stake lies (C). Lastly, studies have indicated that many professionals, including police officers, do not perform significantly better at detecting deception than the general population, challenging the assumption that certain professions are inherently better at discerning truth from lies (D).

Question 19

Research on the accuracy of online dating profiles has found the following is true.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that online daters tend to be most truthful about aspects of their lives that are easily verifiable or difficult to hide in the long term, such as whether they have children.

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning the use of thermal imaging to detect deception is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that trained interviewers outperform thermal imaging in detecting deception. Thermal imaging may have some potential as an additional tool, but it is not currently a reliable method for detecting lies. Option A is incorrect as thermal imaging of faces alone is not a reliable method for identifying truth-tellers or liars. Option B is incorrect as thermal imaging is not merely based on chance, but its accuracy is limited. Option D is incorrect as thermal imaging currently has limited effectiveness for detecting deception. Option E is also incorrect as thermal imaging is not consistently accurate in identifying liars and often produces false positives.

Quiz 4: A: Deception