Question 1

Most research on malingering uses a ___________ design.
A)known-groups
B)simulation
C)case study
D)cross-sequential
E)cross-sectional

Accepted Answer

Most research on malingering uses a simulation design, where participants are instructed to feign symptoms, allowing researchers to study the characteristics and detection of malingering in a controlled environment.

Question 2

Which one of the following statements concerning deception detection is accurate?
A)Deception judgments depend more on the liar than the judge.
B)Professionals are consistently better than laypersons at detecting deception.
C)Relatives lying about killing their loved ones are more likely to smile than innocent suspects.
D)Judgments of truthfulness are dependent upon the personality of the judge.
E)Complex lies are associated with fewer cues to deception relative to simple lies.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently found that cues to deception are more related to the characteristics of the liar, such as their behavior and language, rather than the judge's ability to detect lies. This is supported by research on micro-expressions and other nonverbal cues that are difficult to control and can reveal a liar's true emotions.

Question 3

A patient who actually has schizophrenia denies his auditory hallucinations when questioned by doctors.This patient is likely exhibiting:
A)defensiveness
B)Munchausen syndrome by proxy
C)factitious disorder
D)somatoform disorder
E)malingering

Accepted Answer

Defensiveness is a psychological mechanism often used by individuals to protect themselves from acknowledging painful or uncomfortable truths, such as admitting to experiencing symptoms of a mental health disorder like schizophrenia. In this case, the patient is likely using defensiveness to deny the existence of auditory hallucinations, possibly due to stigma, fear, or an inability to accept the diagnosis.

Question 4

Which statement is true of the ethical aspects of research on malingering?
A)Studies on malingering most often provide negative incentives to participants.
B)Ethics boards have disallowed the use of deception by experimenters in the study of malingering.
C)While deception by experimenters has been used in research on malingering,the participants usually remain unmotivated by the made-up incentives.
D)Researchers must often balance ethical concerns with attempts to increase the internal validity of their study.
E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Research on malingering often involves deception and manipulation of incentives to determine if someone is faking or exaggerating a medical condition or symptom. However, researchers must balance these concerns with ensuring that participants are not harmed or exploited. Thus, ethical considerations must be taken into account while trying to increase the internal validity of the study. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because studies on malingering can provide both positive and negative incentives to participants, and ethics boards have allowed the use of deception in such studies. Additionally, made-up incentives can motivate some participants in research on malingering, resulting in false results.

Question 5

Research has found that feigning psychosis often was associated with diagnosis of what other mental disorder?
A)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)Hypochondriasis
C)Antisocial personality disorder
D)Borderline personality disorder
E)Bipolar depression

Accepted Answer

Research has found that feigning psychosis is often associated with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Individuals with borderline personality disorder may feign psychosis as a way to gain attention and validation, or to avoid taking responsibility for their actions.

Question 6

The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms includes which of the following scales?
A)suggestibility
B)criminal motivation for offending
C)sudden emergence of psychotic symptoms
D)blatant symptoms
E)compliance symptoms

Accepted Answer

The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms includes a scale for blatant symptoms, which assesses if the individual is exaggerating or fabricating symptoms. The other choices are not scales included in this interview.

Question 7

Which malingering measure has been extensively validated using both simulation and known-group design studies?
A)Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS)
B)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
C)M Test
D)F Scale Test
E)Symptom Validity Test

Accepted Answer

The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS) has been extensively validated using both simulation and known-group design studies. It is considered one of the most reliable and valid measures of malingering.

Question 8

Recommendations concerning training programs for improving deception detection abilities in professionals include:
A)Utilizing new techniques such as thermal imaging and voice stress analysis.
B)Teaching professionals how to elicit cues to deception in interviewing.
C)Focusing on teaching both deception cues and truthfulness cues to counteract lie biases in professional populations.
D)Instructing police officers to go "back to the basics" and rely on their gut instincts in determining truthfulness.
E)Focusing on behavioural cues to deception and debunking myths about verbal cues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recommendations concerning training programs for improving deception...

Question 9

Which of the following is an indicator of malingered psychosis?
A)report of blunted affect
B)reported ability to "make the voices go away"
C)reporting negative symptoms of psychosis
D)eagerness to discuss delusions
E)hallucinations in colour

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an indicator...

Question 10

Which model postulates that offenders with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to malinger than other offenders?
A)criminological model
B)pathogenic model
C)adaptational model
D)antisocial personality model
E)DSM-5 model

Accepted Answer

The criminological model postulates that offenders with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to malinger than other offenders, as it views malingering as a form of manipulation or deceit that aligns with antisocial behaviors.

Question 11

Dr.Parsons conducted a study comparing a group of individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder to a group of individuals believed to be faking post-traumatic stress disorder in order to obtain worker's compensation.What type of study design is Dr.Parsons using to investigate malingering?
A)known-groups
B)simulation
C)case study
D)cross-sequential
E)cross-sectional

Accepted Answer

Dr. Parsons is using a known-groups design, which involves comparing a group with a specific characteristic to another group without that characteristic. In this case, the groups being compared are those diagnosed with PTSD and those believed to be faking PTSD, respectively.

Question 12

What was the major conclusion drawn by Rosenham (1973)on the research involving the hospitalization of pseudo-patients?
A)All pseudo-patients were correctly identified by hospital staff.
B)None of the pseudo-patients were correctly identified by hospital staff.
C)About half the pseudo-patients were correctly identified by hospital staff.
D)Pseudo-patients came to internalize their symptoms to such an extent that their condition progressively worsened during their hospital stay.
E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The major conclusion drawn by Rosenham (1973) on the research involving the hospitalization of pseudo-patients was that none of the pseudo-patients were correctly identified by hospital staff. This raised concerns about the reliability and validity of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment.

Question 13

What disorder consists of symptoms that are intentionally produced or falsified in the absence of obvious external rewards?
A)Munchausen syndrome
B)malingering disorder
C)factitious disorder
D)somatoform disorder
E)non-deceptive disorder

Accepted Answer

Factitious disorder is characterized by intentionally producing physical or psychological symptoms in the absence of any clear external rewards or incentives. This differs from malingering, which involves intentionally feigning or exaggerating symptoms for some clear external gain (e.g. disability benefits). Munchausen syndrome is a specific form of factitious disorder in which individuals fake illnesses or medical conditions to receive attention or sympathy. Somatoform disorder is a previous category of disorders in DSM-IV-TR that is now included in the broader category of somatic symptom disorder in DSM-5. Non-deceptive disorder is not a recognized disorder in the DSM system.

Question 14

What self-report questionnaire has been most widely utilized in studies of malingering by examining validity scales (i.e.,faking bad)?
A)Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS)
B)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)
C)Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI-2)
D)Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM)
E)NEO Five Factor Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R)

Accepted Answer

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) is the most widely used self-report questionnaire for assessing malingering through validity scales. The MMPI-2 has several validity scales, including the F scale (which measures the degree of deviance from the norm) and the K scale (which assesses defensiveness or a tendency to present oneself in a positive light). These scales can be used to identify people who are faking bad or exaggerating symptoms.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a cue to malingered psychosis in criminal defendants?
A)hallucinations with delusions
B)understandable motive for committing crime
C)absence of subtle signs of psychosis
D)presence of a partner in the crime
E)visual hallucinations in black and white

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 16

The incidence of malingering in the general population is:
A)less than 1%
B)about 5%
C)about 10%
D)about 20%
E)unknown

Accepted Answer

The incidence of malingering in the general population is considered unknown due to the inherent difficulties in accurately detecting and diagnosing malingering. Malingering involves the intentional production of false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by external incentives. The covert nature of malingering and the variability in motivations and contexts make it challenging to determine its true prevalence in the general population.

Question 17

Susan gives her infant son various medications to make him appear like he is suffering from an unknown illness,and takes him regularly to doctors and the emergency room to assess these fake symptoms.This is an example of what disorder of deception?
A)Munchausen syndrome by proxy
B)Malingering disorder
C)Factitious disorder
D)Somatoform disorder
E)Non-deceptive disorder

Accepted Answer

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a disorder where a caregiver, often a parent, fabricates or induces illness in another person, typically their child, to gain attention and sympathy.

Question 18

Samson is believed to be faking symptoms of physical and psychological illnesses because he has another underlying mental disorder,obsessive compulsive disorder.Which model of malingering is most applicable to this example?
A)criminological model
B)pathogenic model
C)adaptational model
D)antisocial personality model
E)DSM-5 model

Accepted Answer

The pathogenic model of malingering suggests that individuals may feign symptoms as a manifestation of an underlying psychopathology, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder in Samson's case, rather than for external incentives.

Question 19

According to research findings,the most probable explanation of malingering is captured by:
A)a pathogenic model
B)a criminological model
C)an adaptational model
D)an antisocial model
E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

An adaptational model is the most probable explanation of malingering based on research findings. This model suggests that individuals may engage in malingering behavior as an adaptive response to a perceived benefit or to avoid negative consequences. It is not a result of psychopathology or criminal behavior.

Question 20

What is one of the key components to malingering?
A)Symptoms are not intentionality produced.
B)There are only internal motivations for the production of symptoms.
C)There are external motivations for the production of symptoms.
D)Symptoms are produced in order to assume the sick role.
E)There is an absence of external incentives.

Accepted Answer

One of the key components of malingering is external motivations for the production of symptoms. Malingering involves intentionally producing or exaggerating symptoms for some external gain or benefit. This could include financial compensation, avoiding responsibility, or gaining attention or sympathy from others. Therefore, choice C accurately describes this key component of malingering.

Quiz 4: A: Deception

Most research on malingering uses a ___________ design.

Which one of the following statements concerning deception detection is accurate?

A patient who actually has schizophrenia denies his auditory hallucinations when questioned by doctors.This patient is likely exhibiting:

Which statement is true of the ethical aspects of research on malingering?

Research has found that feigning psychosis often was associated with diagnosis of what other mental disorder?

The Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms includes which of the following scales?

Which malingering measure has been extensively validated using both simulation and known-group design studies?

Recommendations concerning training programs for improving deception detection abilities in professionals include:

Which of the following is an indicator of malingered psychosis?

Which model postulates that offenders with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to malinger than other offenders?

What was the major conclusion drawn by Rosenham (1973) on the research involving the hospitalization of pseudo-patients?

What disorder consists of symptoms that are intentionally produced or falsified in the absence of obvious external rewards?

What self-report questionnaire has been most widely utilized in studies of malingering by examining validity scales (i.e.,faking bad) ?

Which of the following is not a cue to malingered psychosis in criminal defendants?

The incidence of malingering in the general population is:

Susan gives her infant son various medications to make him appear like he is suffering from an unknown illness,and takes him regularly to doctors and the emergency room to assess these fake symptoms.This is an example of what disorder of deception?

Samson is believed to be faking symptoms of physical and psychological illnesses because he has another underlying mental disorder,obsessive compulsive disorder.Which model of malingering is most applicable to this example?

According to research findings,the most probable explanation of malingering is captured by:

What is one of the key components to malingering?