Question 1

Moderation means that the diet is not deficient in an essential nutrient.

Accepted Answer

Moderation in diet refers to consuming the right amounts of foods and nutrients to maintain health, not specifically about avoiding deficiencies in essential nutrients. It's more about balance and not overconsuming certain nutrients or foods.

Question 2

There are numerous different cell types in the human body.

Accepted Answer

Yes, there are over 200 different types of cells in the human body, each with their own unique structure and function. Examples include muscle cells, nerve cells, blood cells, and skin cells.

Question 3

Vegetables provide a source of incomplete,low-quality protein.

Accepted Answer

Vegetables contain protein but often lack one or more essential amino acids, making them an incomplete source of protein compared to animal products which typically provide all essential amino acids.

Question 4

Plant foods are an exogenous source of cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

Plant foods do not contain cholesterol. Only animal sources like meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products contain cholesterol. Plant-based foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds are cholesterol-free.

Question 5

Protein provided from plant foods is considered to have low biological value.

Accepted Answer

Plant proteins may lack certain essential amino acids and may have lower digestibility compared to animal proteins, which affects their biological value. However, this can be overcome by combining various plant protein sources to provide a complete amino acid profile.

Question 6

Calcium is an organic element.

Accepted Answer

Calcium is not an organic element, it is an inorganic element found in the earth's crust, rocks, and minerals. Organic elements are those that are found in living organisms and contain carbon as a base element.

Question 7

Nutrient density refers to the amount of vitamins in relation to minerals.

Accepted Answer

Nutrient density refers to the amount of nutrients (such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants) per calorie of food, not just the amount of vitamins in relation to minerals.

Question 8

Oleic acid is an essential fatty acid.

Accepted Answer

Oleic acid is not considered an essential fatty acid because the human body can produce it. Essential fatty acids are those that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through the diet, such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

Question 9

Minerals are organic compounds.

Accepted Answer

Minerals are inorganic compounds, meaning they do not contain carbon and are not formed from living organisms.

Question 10

Sterols are calorically dense.

Accepted Answer

Sterols are not calorically dense. They are a type of lipid that is important for the structure and function of cell membranes, but they do not provide a significant amount of calories in the diet. One gram of pure sterol provides about 3-4 calories, which is similar to the calorie content of protein but much lower than the calorie content of fat (9 calories per gram) or carbohydrates (4 calories per gram).

Question 11

Starch provides 4 Calories per gram.

Accepted Answer

Starch is a carbohydrate and provides 4 Calories per gram, the same as all other carbohydrates.

Question 12

Sodium is a major mineral.

Accepted Answer

Sodium is a major essential mineral needed for various bodily functions, including maintaining fluid balance and transmitting nerve impulses.

Question 13

Eating a peanut butter sandwich qualifies as protein complementation.

Accepted Answer

Peanut butter is a good source of protein, however, it is not a complete protein as it lacks some of the essential amino acids. When combined with bread, which is low in lysine but rich in other essential amino acids, they complement each other and provide a complete array of amino acids, making it protein complementation.

Question 14

Some minerals function in acid-base balance in the body.

Accepted Answer

Minerals such as potassium, sodium, and magnesium play a role in maintaining acid-base balance in the body.

Question 15

Alcohol is chemically closely related to sterols.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is chemically closely related to hydrocarbons, not sterols.

Question 16

Water provides the medium for metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Water is essential for many metabolic processes such as transportation of nutrients, removal of waste products, and cellular respiration. It also serves as a solvent for many important biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

Question 17

Adenosine triphosphate is produced in the mitochondria of cells.

Accepted Answer

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is primarily produced through cellular respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

Question 18

Cholesterol can be used by the body to produce vitamin D.

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is a precursor to vitamin D, which means that the body needs cholesterol to make vitamin D. When ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun hits the skin, it converts a cholesterol molecule into vitamin D3.

Question 19

Some fatty acids are essential.

Accepted Answer

Some fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, cannot be synthesized by the body and therefore must be obtained through the diet. These are called essential fatty acids.

Question 20

Every amino acid contains nitrogen.

Accepted Answer

All amino acids contain at least one nitrogen atom in their chemical structure. This nitrogen atom is part of the amino group (-NH2) that is present in all amino acids, except for proline, which has a modified amino group called a pyrrolidine ring.

Quiz 1: Nutrition Basics