Question 1

Hirschi named four characteristics of proper socialization and four reasons why deviant behavior is likely to occur.Name three of each of these.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hirschi named four characteristics of proper socialization...

Question 2

Name the three body types discussed in Sheldon's theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the three body types discussed in...

Question 3

Define positive and negative reinforcement,and give one example of each that is related to crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define positive and negative reinforcement,and give one...

Question 4

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-As applied to the area of crime and criminal justice,the major foci of this theory have been critical analyses of the privileged position of "the Law" and the construction of crime theories.

Accepted Answer

Postmodern theory in criminology focuses on questioning the established norms and narratives, including the privileged position of "the Law" and how crime theories are constructed, making it a match for the provided definition.

Question 5

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-The theory that human behavior,including criminal behavior,is motivated by a hedonistic rationality,in which actors weigh the potential pleasure of an action against the possible pain associated with it.

Accepted Answer

The classical theory posits that individuals are rational beings who weigh the potential pleasures and pain associated with an action, including criminal behavior. This theory views punishment as a necessary deterrent to criminal actions.

Question 6

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-The theory that crime,like other disorders,was a symptom of more deep-seated problems and that if the deep-seated problems could be resolved,the symptom of crime would go away.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory suggests that crime is a symptom of deeper psychological issues, and resolving these issues can eliminate criminal behavior.

Question 7

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-This type of theory of crime causation is based on the belief that criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals.

Accepted Answer

Biological theory posits that criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals and that these differences can be used to explain criminal behavior.

Answer: D
 Positivism is the broader field of study that includes biological theory and other theories that seek to understand criminal behavior through scientific methods.

Answer: G
 Body-type theory is a specific form of biological theory that looks at the relationship between body type and criminal behavior.

Answer: H
 Modern biocriminology is a newer approach to biological theory that looks at the interaction between genes and the environment in explaining criminal behavior.

Question 8

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A theory that explains criminal behavior and its prevention with the concepts of positive reinforcement,negative reinforcement,extinction,punishment,and modeling or imitation.

Accepted Answer

Learning theory explains criminal behavior and its prevention with the concepts of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, punishment, and modeling or imitation.

Question 9

Name the five main assumptions of the positivist school of thought.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the five main assumptions of the...

Question 10

Delinquent behavior is likely to occur if there is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Delinquent behavior is likely to occur if...

Question 11

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A perspective on criminality that focuses on women's experiences and seeks to abolish men's control over women's labor and sexuality.

Accepted Answer

Feminist theory is a perspective on criminality that focuses on women's experiences and seeks to abolish men's control over women's labor and sexuality.

Question 12

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-The study of "criminal" human beings.

Accepted Answer

Criminal anthropology is the study of "criminal" human beings, including their physical characteristics, behavior, and culture.

Note: Some of the listed options are criminological theories while others are fields of study within criminology.

Question 13

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A theoretical approach that suggests that the solution to all social problems,including crime,is the transformation of human beings,mutual dependence,reduction of class structures,the creation of communities of caring people,and universal social justice.

Accepted Answer

Peacemaking criminology aligns with the description given, as it emphasizes the transformation of individuals and societies towards mutual dependence, reduced class structures, and the creation of caring communities, all aimed at achieving universal social justice.

Question 14

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-According to this theory,human beings can be divided into three basic somatotypes,which correspond to three basic temperaments

Accepted Answer

Body-type theory

Answer: E
 Biological theory

Answer: M
 Differential association theory

Answer: L
 Anomie or strain theory

Answer: P
 Labeling theory

Answer: U
 Feminist theory

Question 15

Name the five ways in which individuals adapt to strain,according to Merton.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name the five ways in which individuals...

Question 16

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A theory that emphasizes the criminalization process as the cause of some crime.

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory focuses on how the labels applied to individuals by society (such as "criminal" or "deviant") can lead to further criminal behavior, emphasizing the role of societal reactions and the criminalization process in the development of criminal identities.

Question 17

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A modification of classical theory in which it is conceded that certain factors,such as insanity,might inhibit the exercise of free will.

Accepted Answer

Neoclassical theory is a modification of classical theory that takes into account certain factors, such as mental illness, that may prevent an individual from exercising free will.

Answer: D
 Positivism is a field of study that focuses on the application of scientific methods to criminology, including the use of biological and psychological factors to explain criminal behavior.

Answer: G
 Body-type theory is a criminological theory that posits that certain physical attributes or body types are associated with criminal behavior.

Answer: H
 Modern biocriminology is a field of study that examines the biological and genetic factors that may contribute to criminal behavior.

Answer: I
 Psychoanalytic theory is a criminological theory that emphasizes the role of unconscious psychological processes in shaping criminal behavior.

Answer: K
 Social disorganization theory is a criminological theory that explores how social factors, such as poverty and community instability, can contribute to high rates of crime.

Answer: L
 Anomie or strain theory is a criminological theory that argues that individuals who are unable to achieve their goals through legitimate means may turn to criminal behavior as a way of coping with a sense of alienation or frustration.

Answer: M
 Differential association theory is a criminological theory that focuses on how individuals learn criminal behavior through interactions with others and exposure to deviant norms and values.

Answer: O
 Social control theory is a criminological theory that posits that individuals who have strong social ties and bonds are less likely to engage in criminal behavior.

Answer: P
 Labeling theory is a criminological theory that suggests that individuals who are labeled as criminals may become more likely to engage in criminal behavior as a result.

Answer: Q
 Conflict theory is a criminological theory that posits that crime is the result of social and economic inequality, and that criminal justice systems are often used to maintain the power and control of the ruling class.

Answer: T
 Peacemaking criminology is a field of study that emphasizes the importance of creating peaceful and just societies as a way of reducing crime and violence.

Answer: U
 Feminist theory is a criminological theory that highlights the ways in which gender inequality and patriarchy contribute to criminal behavior and the criminal justice system.

Answer: V
 Postmodern theory is a criminological theory that challenges traditional conceptions of crime and deviance and accommodates diverse perspectives and interpretations.

Question 18

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-The fundamentally psychoanalytic theories that assume that people are basically good even though they are sometimes influenced by society to act badly.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychological theory assumes that people are inherently good and that societal influences can lead them to act in negative ways.

Question 19

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A theory that states that people are expected to commit crime and delinquency unless they are prevented from doing so.

Accepted Answer

Social control theory posits that people would naturally commit crimes if not for the controls and structures society puts in place to prevent them from doing so.

Question 20

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A theory that people who become criminal do so because of contacts with criminal patterns and isolation from anticriminal patterns.

Accepted Answer

Differential association theory

Answer: K
 Social disorganization theory

Answer: L
 Anomie or strain theory

Answer: O
 Social control theory

Answer: P
 Labeling theory

Answer: S
 British or left realism

Quiz 3: Explaining Crime

Hirschi named four characteristics of proper socialization and four reasons why deviant behavior is likely to occur.Name three of each of these.

Name the three body types discussed in Sheldon's theory.

Define positive and negative reinforcement,and give one example of each that is related to crime.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -As applied to the area of crime and criminal justice,the major foci of this theory have been critical analyses of the privileged position of "the Law" and the construction of crime theories.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -The theory that crime,like other disorders,was a symptom of more deep-seated problems and that if the deep-seated problems could be resolved,the symptom of crime would go away.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -This type of theory of crime causation is based on the belief that criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A theory that explains criminal behavior and its prevention with the concepts of positive reinforcement,negative reinforcement,extinction,punishment,and modeling or imitation.

Name the five main assumptions of the positivist school of thought.

Delinquent behavior is likely to occur if there is

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A perspective on criminality that focuses on women's experiences and seeks to abolish men's control over women's labor and sexuality.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -The study of "criminal" human beings.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -According to this theory,human beings can be divided into three basic somatotypes,which correspond to three basic temperaments

Name the five ways in which individuals adapt to strain,according to Merton.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A theory that emphasizes the criminalization process as the cause of some crime.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A modification of classical theory in which it is conceded that certain factors,such as insanity,might inhibit the exercise of free will.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -The fundamentally psychoanalytic theories that assume that people are basically good even though they are sometimes influenced by society to act badly.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A theory that states that people are expected to commit crime and delinquency unless they are prevented from doing so.

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A theory that people who become criminal do so because of contacts with criminal patterns and isolation from anticriminal patterns.