Question 1

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below.
-With this sentencing,judges may choose between probation and imprisonment but have little discretion in setting the length of a prison sentence.

Accepted Answer

Flat-time sentencing involves fixed sentences where judges have limited discretion in altering the length of the prison term, allowing them to choose between probation and imprisonment but not the duration.

Question 2

In 1977,the Supreme Court held that rape of an adult female and kidnapping where the victim was not killed do not warrant the death penalty.

Accepted Answer

In the case of Coker v. Georgia (1977), the Supreme Court held that the death penalty was disproportionate and excessive for the crimes of rape of an adult female and kidnapping where the victim was not killed.

Question 3

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below.
-With this sentencing,the second type of determinate sentencing,a specified number of years of imprisonment,usually within a range,is provided for particular crimes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the following types of sentencing with...

Question 4

Mitigating factors are circumstances that make a crime worse than usual.

Accepted Answer

Mitigating factors are circumstances that make a crime less severe or serious than it would be otherwise. On the other hand, aggravating factors are circumstances that make a crime worse than usual.

Question 5

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below.
-The prevention of individuals from committing crime again by punishing them,or the prevention of people in general from engaging in crime by punishing specific individuals and making examples of them

Accepted Answer

Flat-time sentencing is a type of sentencing in which the defendant is given a specific amount of time to serve in prison, without the possibility of parole or early release. This type of sentencing is often used for serious crimes, such as murder or rape.

Question 6

Judges almost always impose the sentence agreed upon during plea negotiations because if they did not,plea bargaining would not work.

Accepted Answer

This is generally true, as defendants are often more willing to plead guilty if they know what their sentence will be in advance. If judges were to deviate from the agreed upon sentence too often, it could discourage defendants from wanting to plea bargain in the first place. However, judges do have the discretion to reject a plea agreement if it is not in the interest of justice or if it violates court rules.

Question 7

Among Western industrialized nations,the United States is the only nation to employ capital punishment.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The United States is the only Western industrialized nation that still employs capital punishment, also known as the death penalty. Other Western nations have abolished the practice, including Canada, Australia, and most European countries.

Question 8

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below.
-Has a fixed period of incarceration,which eliminates the decision-making responsibility of parole boards

Accepted Answer

A determinate sentence has a fixed period of incarceration, which eliminates the decision-making responsibility of parole boards.

Answer: C
 Flat-time sentencing requires that offenders serve the entire sentence without the possibility of early release through parole.

Answer: D
 Mandatory sentencing requires that a specific sentence be imposed for certain crimes, typically with no possibility of parole.

Answer: E
 Presumptive sentencing involves a range of possible sentences based on offense severity and aggravating/mitigating circumstances, with a recommended sentence that judges may depart from only for compelling reasons.

Answer: A
 An indeterminate sentence is one in which a range of time is specified (e.g. 5-10 years) and the decision about release is made by a parole board based on an assessment of the offender's progress and behavior while in prison.

Question 9

Today's state legislatures are increasingly replacing determinate sentences with indeterminate ones.

Accepted Answer

Determinate sentencing, which assigns fixed prison terms, has been more prevalent in recent years due to a push for tougher crime laws and mandatory minimum sentencing guidelines, moving away from the indeterminate sentencing model that allows for parole and sentence adjustments based on behavior.

Question 10

Death penalty support among the American public,at least according to the major opinion polls,remains relatively strong.

Accepted Answer

According to various major opinion polls, a significant portion of the American public continues to support the death penalty, though it is worth noting that the level of support has decreased in recent years.

Question 11

For most offenses,a majority of defendants are sentenced either on the day of conviction or the next day.

Accepted Answer

This is generally true as most courts will schedule sentencing hearings immediately after the conviction, allowing defendants to be sentenced soon after. However, in some cases, a sentencing hearing may be delayed due to various reasons like scheduling conflicts or the need for a pre-sentence investigation report.

Question 12

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below.
-The effort to do something for victims and their survivors-to return them,as much as possible,to their previous state and to make them "whole" again

Accepted Answer

Presumptive sentencing includes a focus on the victim and survivor, with the goal of making them "whole" again through restitution, compensation, or other means.

Answer: A, B, C, D
 None of these types of sentencing specifically focus on the needs of victims and survivors.

Question 13

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below.
-Has a fixed minimum and maximum term of incarceration,rather than a set period

Accepted Answer

An indeterminate sentence is one that has a fixed minimum and maximum term of incarceration, allowing for the possibility of parole. This type of sentencing is designed to rehabilitate offenders, as the actual time served depends on the individual's behavior and rehabilitation progress while incarcerated.

Question 14

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below.
-This type of sentencing allows a judge to retain some sentencing discretion,subject to appellate review.

Accepted Answer

Presumptive sentencing allows a judge to retain some sentencing discretion, subject to appellate review, while providing a guideline or range to follow based on the severity of the offense and the offender's criminal history.

Question 15

Defendants are entitled to present new evidence or testimony on appeal if that evidence or testimony could have been (but was not)presented at trial.

Accepted Answer

Appeals are generally limited to reviewing the trial court's application of the law and the evidence already presented at trial. New evidence or testimony is typically not allowed on appeal, as the appeal process is not a venue for re-trying the case but rather for examining legal errors that may have occurred during the trial.

Question 16

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below.
-The attempt to "correct" the personality and behavior of convicted offenders through educational,vocational,or therapeutic treatment

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the following types of sentencing with...

Question 17

About one-third percent of Americans executed since 1608 have been women.

Accepted Answer

Less than 4% of the total number of people executed in the United States since 1608 have been women.

Question 18

In an appellate review,the appellate court compares the sentence in the case it is reviewing with penalties imposed in similar cases in the state.

Accepted Answer

In an appellate review, the appellate court primarily examines the trial court's application of the law and procedural issues, not the comparison of sentences with those in similar cases.

Question 19

Mandatory sentencing usually allows release on parole but does not allow credit for good time.

Accepted Answer

Mandatory sentencing laws typically do not allow release on parole and do not allow credit for good behavior while incarcerated.

Question 20

The practical effect of the Furman decision was that the Supreme Court voided the death penalty laws of some 35 states.

Accepted Answer

The Furman decision resulted in the striking down of death penalty laws in 35 states, which had a practical effect of temporarily halting executions across the country. However, some states were able to quickly pass new death penalty statutes that addressed the concerns raised by the court in Furman, and executions resumed within a few years.

Quiz 8: The Administration of Justice

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below. -With this sentencing,judges may choose between probation and imprisonment but have little discretion in setting the length of a prison sentence.

In 1977,the Supreme Court held that rape of an adult female and kidnapping where the victim was not killed do not warrant the death penalty.

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below. -With this sentencing,the second type of determinate sentencing,a specified number of years of imprisonment,usually within a range,is provided for particular crimes.

Mitigating factors are circumstances that make a crime worse than usual.

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below. -The prevention of individuals from committing crime again by punishing them,or the prevention of people in general from engaging in crime by punishing specific individuals and making examples of them

Judges almost always impose the sentence agreed upon during plea negotiations because if they did not,plea bargaining would not work.

Among Western industrialized nations,the United States is the only nation to employ capital punishment.

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below. -Has a fixed period of incarceration,which eliminates the decision-making responsibility of parole boards

Today's state legislatures are increasingly replacing determinate sentences with indeterminate ones.

Death penalty support among the American public,at least according to the major opinion polls,remains relatively strong.

For most offenses,a majority of defendants are sentenced either on the day of conviction or the next day.

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below. -The effort to do something for victims and their survivors-to return them,as much as possible,to their previous state and to make them "whole" again

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below. -Has a fixed minimum and maximum term of incarceration,rather than a set period

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below. -This type of sentencing allows a judge to retain some sentencing discretion,subject to appellate review.

Defendants are entitled to present new evidence or testimony on appeal if that evidence or testimony could have been (but was not)presented at trial.

Match the following types of sentencing with the definition listed below. -The attempt to "correct" the personality and behavior of convicted offenders through educational,vocational,or therapeutic treatment

About one-third percent of Americans executed since 1608 have been women.

In an appellate review,the appellate court compares the sentence in the case it is reviewing with penalties imposed in similar cases in the state.

Mandatory sentencing usually allows release on parole but does not allow credit for good time.

The practical effect of the Furman decision was that the Supreme Court voided the death penalty laws of some 35 states.