Question 1

Identical twins share the same genes and are born with the potential for perfect correlation (+1.0)in shared attributes and traits.Using examples,explain what could cause a set of identical twins at age 40 to have +.56 correlation for blood pressure and +.34 correlation for views on social issues.

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Question 2

The heritability of IQ scores appears to increase between infancy and adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that heritability of IQ scores increases from infancy to adulthood, indicating that genetic factors play a larger role in determining IQ in adulthood than in infancy. This is likely due to both genetic and environmental factors, as individuals have more opportunity to express their genetic potential as they age, and also may engage in activities or pursue education and training that amplify their underlying genetic traits.

Question 3

Describe the perspective on human development provided by molecular genetics,and explain why it adds value to the established field of behavioral genetics.

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Question 4

Genetic mutations invariably cause harm to people who inherit them.

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Question 5

For two twin siblings,give three examples of shared environmental influences and three examples of nonshared environmental influences that they may experience over the course of a week.

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Question 6

One girl attends a public school for fifth grade and her twin attends a private school for fifth grade,so their educational environmental influence is considered shared because they both attended fifth grade.

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Educational environmental influence is considered non-shared in this scenario because the twins are in different types of schools (public vs. private), which likely offer different curricula, teaching styles, peer groups, and overall experiences.

Question 7

Concordance rates show the likelihood that if one member of a pair has a particular trait,the other member of the pair also has it.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct definition of concordance rates.

Question 8

Concerning mental illness,people appear to inherit a predisposition for a disorder,not the actual disorder

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that genetics can play a role in the development of mental illness, but individuals do not inherit the actual disorder. Rather, they inherit a predisposition or vulnerability that can be triggered by environmental factors.

Question 9

Compare and contrast passive gene-environment correlations,evocative gene-environmental correlations,and active gene-environmental correlations.

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Question 10

Describe the processes of chorionic villus sampling and preimplantation diagnosis.Discuss the potential ethical concerns over prenatal diagnosis and why one of these two methods may present less cause for debate regarding ethics.

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Question 11

According to the diathesis-stress model,a person with a genetic profile of overall resilience would be less likely to develop PTSD after witnessing a traumatic event.

Accepted Answer

The diathesis-stress model suggests that both genetic and environmental factors interact to determine the likelihood of developing certain disorders such as PTSD. A person with more resilient genes (the diathesis) may be less susceptible to developing PTSD in response to a traumatic event (the stress). Therefore, overall resilience may act as a protective factor against the development of PTSD.

Question 12

Explain what an epigenome is,how it is created,and the impact it has on genes.

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Question 13

Species heredity is very important to our understanding of individual differences in human growth and development.

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Question 14

Describe and give an example of a recessive gene and a dominant gene.Then differentiate between incomplete dominance and codominance.

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Question 15

Give an example of something from 50 or 100 years ago that we have culturally evolved into our experience today.Then,give an example of something that has recently become part of our experience and describe how it will be culturally evolved for people 50 or 100 years from now.

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Question 16

Differentiate genotype from phenotype using yourself as an example.

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Question 17

The process of mitosis results in daughter cells that have half the number of cells as the original one.

Accepted Answer

The process of mitosis results in daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. The number of cells is not affected by mitosis, as each new cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Question 18

Fraternal twins are no more alike genetically than brothers and sisters born at different times.

Accepted Answer

Fraternal twins come from separate fertilization events and are no more genetically similar than siblings born at different times. They share about 50% of their genetic material, just like any other siblings.

Question 19

In an active gene-environment interaction,children's genetically based traits provoke a certain kind of reaction from their environment.

Accepted Answer

An active gene-environment interaction occurs when individuals seek out environments that complement their genetic tendencies, not when their traits provoke reactions from the environment.

Question 20

Compare and contrast Down syndrome,Turner syndrome,and Klinefelter's syndrome.

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Quiz 3: Genes,Environment,and Development