Question 1

Match the Flavivirus with its characteristics.
-Black vomit

Accepted Answer

Black vomit is a classic symptom of yellow fever, caused by the Yellow fever virus.

Answer: B
 Dengue fever is caused by the Dengue virus, and does not typically present with black vomit.

Answer: C
 West Nile virus is not associated with black vomit, and usually presents with flu-like symptoms.

Answer: D
 Hepatitis C is not a flavivirus and does not cause yellow fever or black vomit.

Question 2

The term used to describe a virus that causes a global outbreak of serious illness of which little natural immunity exists and that has sustained person-to-person transmission is:

Accepted Answer

A pandemic is defined as a virulent human influenza virus that causes a global outbreak of serious illness of which little natural immunity exists and that has sustained person-to-person transmission.Often pandemics result in high rates of human mortality with significant social,infrastructure,and economic consequences.

Question 3

Match the Flavivirus with its characteristics.
-Fever and leukopenia

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

A 45-year-old man living in the western United States begins experiencing headache,fever,and body aches,which he attributes to the flu.His symptoms,however,become worse,and he later develops kidney disease and acute respiratory failure.He is most likely infected with which virus?

Accepted Answer

He is most likely infected with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).The disease begins with generalized symptoms that include headache,fever,and body aches typically after an incubation period of 11 to 32 days.Subsequently,the symptoms become significantly more severe,leading to hemorrhagic fever,kidney disease,and acute respiratory failure.

Question 5

A 36-year-old woman is on a cruise ship and later develops nausea,abdominal pain,vomiting,and diarrhea.She is most likely suffering from which virus?

Accepted Answer

Norovirus is the source for more than 80% of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis and more than 50% of food-borne outbreaks for all ages in developed and underdeveloped countries.Of major public health concern is its ability to cause large outbreaks in semiclosed environments.In recent years,noroviruses have been implicated in large outbreaks of disease on cruise ships and in nursing homes,schools,summer camps,hospitals,and restaurants.

Question 6

An 8-month-old female infant is admitted to the emergency department in respiratory distress on Christmas Eve.A nasopharyngeal aspirate is obtained and sent to the laboratory on ice for analysis.The most probable organism that would be isolated is:

Accepted Answer

RSV occurs annually in the late fall through the early spring;nosocomial transmission can readily occur.The virus is primarily found in infants and children.In infants,bronchiolitis,pneumonia,and croup are observed.In children,upper respiratory symptoms occur.

Question 7

A 24-year-old woman is diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV)after having her annual Papanicolaou (Pap)smear.She was not vaccinated with the Gardasil vaccine.Which serotypes of the virus does she need to be concerned about that demonstrate the greatest risk for developing cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

HPV types 16 and 18 can cause cervical and penile cancer.

Question 8

One of the most pathogenic hemorrhagic fever viruses belongs to the _________ family.

Accepted Answer

The Filoviridae family of viruses is considered the most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic fever viruses.The name filo means threadlike,referring to the long filamentous morphologic structures observed with electron microscopy.

Question 9

Hantavirus classified in the Bunyaviridae family is transmitted via:

Accepted Answer

This family of viruses contains the arboviruses,including the California encephalitis group that contains La Crosse encephalitis and the nonarthropod-borne viruses,which include hantaviruses that contain the sin nombre virus.Transmission is via mosquito,tick,and sandfly vectors,except for hantaviruses,which are zoonoses transmitted by contact with a rodent host and/or its excretions.

Question 10

Match the Flavivirus with its characteristics.
-Carcinoma

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis C is the only virus in the list that is associated with causing carcinoma, specifically hepatocellular carcinoma, as a long-term consequence of chronic infection. Yellow fever, Dengue fever, and West Nile virus are primarily known for causing acute febrile illnesses rather than cancer.

Question 11

Characteristics of which virus consist of a double-stranded genome and virions that appear as oval,brick-shaped structures of 200 to 400 nm in length? In addition,the World Health Organization (WHO)eradicated this virus in 1980.

Accepted Answer

Smallpox is known to infect only humans and exists as two distinct subtypes,variola major,which causes the most severe disease (case fatality rates of 30%)and occurs mainly in Asia;and variola minor,which is associated with less severe disease (case fatality rates of 0.1% to 2%).Through an intensive vaccine campaign,the WHO declared natural-occurring variola virus eradicated in 1980.

Question 12

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)and Lassa fever are considered which type of virus?

Accepted Answer

LCM and Lassa fever (Lassa,Nigeria)are arenaviruses.

Question 13

This hemorrhagic fever causes disease in humans and nonhuman primates such as chimpanzees,gorillas,and monkeys.It is identified in the laboratory using which type of assay?

Accepted Answer

All of the Ebola subspecies cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (e.g. ,chimpanzees,gorillas,monkeys)except for Reston ebolavirus,which only causes disease in the nonhuman primates.RT-PCR is used for the identification of Ebola or Marburg.Electron microscopy is also available in some research facilities.

Question 14

Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA)virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions?

Accepted Answer

Measles is a single-stranded RNA genome with a helical capsid and envelope and is highly contagious.It is transmitted via respiratory secretions.

Question 15

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are surface glycoproteins associated with what family of viruses?

Accepted Answer

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are surface glycoproteins associated with influenza A virus,which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family

Question 16

Which cell line has demonstrated a consistent season-to-season isolation frequency of influenza viruses?

Accepted Answer

Cell culture is available for influenza virus using a variety of cell lines.Primary monkey kidney cell lines have demonstrated a consistent season-to-season isolation frequency of influenza virus.

Question 17

Which of the following patterns of markers is a normal immune response after recovery from a hepatitis B viral (HBV)infection?

Accepted Answer

HBsAg is the most reliable marker for the identification of an HBV infection.The antigen becomes evident in the patient's serum weeks before any biochemical evidence associated with liver damage is observed.(Biochemical liver assays may show only minimal elevation. )HBsAg remains in the serum during the acute and chronic stages of HBV.The presence of HBsAg 6 months after acute infection indicates that the patient is a chronic carrier.Immunoglobulin M (IgM)anti-HBcAb to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)appears early in the course of disease during the acute infection.Anti-HBsAg indicates the patient is in convalescence and has developed immunity.Finally,the presence of the extracellular form of HBcAg (HBeAg)indicates high infectivity and a chronic carrier state.

Question 18

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)has what characteristic structures when visualized under an electron microscope?

Accepted Answer

Coronaviruses such as SARS are pleomorphic,roughly spherical,medium-sized,and enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA)viruses.The prefix corona- is the result of the viral structure and the crownlike surface projections on the external surface of the virus when visualized using electron microscopy.

Question 19

A 37-year-old man traveling through South America has a sudden onset of fever,severe headache,and chills.A macropapular rash develops on his trunk,which then spreads to his face and extremities.The vector transmitting this disease is most likely:

Accepted Answer

Dengue virus is the most prevalent arbovirus in the world,with more than 100 million people infected annually.The virus is endemic in Latin America,Puerto Rico,and Mexico.The majority (>90%)of the cases reported in the United States are related to travel.Humans are the main reservoir for this virus,with person-to-person transmission occurring via a mosquito vector.

Question 20

Adenoviruses are responsible for causing diseases such as keratoconjunctivitis,pneumonia,hemorrhagic cystitis,and gastroenteritis in children.Transmission is usually via:

Accepted Answer

Adenoviruses have a double-stranded DNA genome,an icosahedral capsid,no envelope,and approximately 50 human serotypes.Adenoviruses cause disease states that include pharyngitis,pharyngoconjunctival fever,keratoconjunctivitis,pneumonia,hemorrhagic cystitis,disseminated disease,and gastroenteritis in children.Transmission is via respiratory secretions,the fecal-oral route,and direct contact (eye).

Quiz 64: Viruses in Human Disease

Match the Flavivirus with its characteristics. -Black vomit

The term used to describe a virus that causes a global outbreak of serious illness of which little natural immunity exists and that has sustained person-to-person transmission is:

Match the Flavivirus with its characteristics. -Fever and leukopenia

A 45-year-old man living in the western United States begins experiencing headache,fever,and body aches,which he attributes to the flu.His symptoms,however,become worse,and he later develops kidney disease and acute respiratory failure.He is most likely infected with which virus?

A 36-year-old woman is on a cruise ship and later develops nausea,abdominal pain,vomiting,and diarrhea.She is most likely suffering from which virus?

An 8-month-old female infant is admitted to the emergency department in respiratory distress on Christmas Eve.A nasopharyngeal aspirate is obtained and sent to the laboratory on ice for analysis.The most probable organism that would be isolated is:

A 24-year-old woman is diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV) after having her annual Papanicolaou (Pap) smear.She was not vaccinated with the Gardasil vaccine.Which serotypes of the virus does she need to be concerned about that demonstrate the greatest risk for developing cervical cancer?

One of the most pathogenic hemorrhagic fever viruses belongs to the _________ family.

Hantavirus classified in the Bunyaviridae family is transmitted via:

Match the Flavivirus with its characteristics. -Carcinoma

Characteristics of which virus consist of a double-stranded genome and virions that appear as oval,brick-shaped structures of 200 to 400 nm in length? In addition,the World Health Organization (WHO) eradicated this virus in 1980.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and Lassa fever are considered which type of virus?

This hemorrhagic fever causes disease in humans and nonhuman primates such as chimpanzees,gorillas,and monkeys.It is identified in the laboratory using which type of assay?

Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions?

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are surface glycoproteins associated with what family of viruses?

Which cell line has demonstrated a consistent season-to-season isolation frequency of influenza viruses?

Which of the following patterns of markers is a normal immune response after recovery from a hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has what characteristic structures when visualized under an electron microscope?

A 37-year-old man traveling through South America has a sudden onset of fever,severe headache,and chills.A macropapular rash develops on his trunk,which then spreads to his face and extremities.The vector transmitting this disease is most likely:

Adenoviruses are responsible for causing diseases such as keratoconjunctivitis,pneumonia,hemorrhagic cystitis,and gastroenteritis in children.Transmission is usually via: