The "labor-in-vain" effect refers to the observation that participants will study more difficult items more than easy ones, but not enough to bridge the gap in recall between the two sets.

Question

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This statement accurately reflects the "labor-in-vain" effect. Participants often spend more time studying harder items, but may still struggle to recall them as effectively as easier items.

The "Labor-In-Vain" Effect Refers to the Observation That Participants Will