Question 1

Individuals who live closer to "green spaces" in cities report ___________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals who live closer to green spaces, such as parks and gardens, report lower levels of stress and better self-perceived health. Access to green spaces has also been linked to a lower risk of various health concerns, such as obesity, heart disease, and depression. Being closer to green spaces does not necessarily make individuals more vulnerable to crime.

Question 2

Which of these jobs is ordinarily LEAST stressful?

Accepted Answer

Chief executive officers (CEOs) typically have the most stressful jobs, as they are responsible for the overall success of their companies.

Question 3

When people use strategies to manage the distressing problems in their lives,they are

Accepted Answer

Coping refers to the strategies individuals use to manage stressors in their lives. This can include problem-focused coping (dealing directly with the stressor) or emotion-focused coping (dealing with the emotional distress caused by the stressor). Coping can be a helpful way to manage stress and prevent negative consequences like becoming more vulnerable to stress or experiencing chronic stress.

Question 4

Stressful events that are so powerful that they affect large numbers of people fit into the category of

Accepted Answer

Cataclysmic events are defined as stressful events that affect a large number of people, such as natural disasters or terrorist attacks. Life events refer to individual experiences, daily hassles are more minor stressors, and unintentional events may not necessarily be stressful.

Question 5

The experience of discrimination

Accepted Answer

The experience of discrimination has been linked to health problems, including cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that discrimination can lead to chronic stress, which in turn can impact physical health.

Question 6

John,a Montana rancher,lives five miles from his nearest neighbor.John's living conditions could be described as

Accepted Answer

The term "dense" refers to a high number of people or objects in a small area, while "crowded" refers to the feeling of being surrounded or lacking space. Since John lives five miles away from his nearest neighbor, his living conditions are neither crowded nor dense.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a common source of stress for women?

Accepted Answer

Having a husband who supports her career goals is not a common source of stress for women. In fact, having a supportive partner can help reduce stress and make it easier for women to balance their work and family responsibilities. The other options listed are often cited as sources of stress for women, particularly those who are juggling multiple roles and responsibilities.

Question 8

The experiments with rats living in highly crowded cages suggest that

Accepted Answer

The experiments with rats living in highly crowded cages suggest that overcrowding leads to changes in social behavior among rats. Studies have shown that crowded conditions can lead to aggressive behavior, dominance struggles, and increased stress levels among rats, which can ultimately affect their overall health and well-being.

Question 9

During a recent football game,77,000 people were present in a stadium with a capacity of 73,000.The accumulation of that number of people in a relatively small area would be consistent with Stokols's definition of

Accepted Answer

Crowding refers to a subjective feeling of discomfort or lack of privacy that arises when there are too many people in a given physical space. In this situation, there were more people present than the stadium was designed to hold, which likely resulted in feelings of crowding for many individuals.

Question 10

The most stressful occupations are those that offer

Accepted Answer

According to the Job Demand-Control Model, the most stressful occupations are those that have high demands and low control. This means that the job requires a lot of effort and responsibility, but the worker has little control over how they perform their tasks or the decisions that affect their work. This lack of control can lead to feelings of helplessness and frustration, which can increase stress levels.

Question 11

People experience less stress during,and after,a vacation than before a vacation.However,this "vacation effect" tends to only last

Accepted Answer

The answer of People experience less stress during,and after,a vacation...

Question 12

Which of these could be a source of stress?

Accepted Answer

All three options (noise, crowding, and air pollution) are potential sources of stress for individuals. Noise can be distracting, crowding can make people feel claustrophobic and overwhelmed, and air pollution can have negative effects on physical health which may contribute to stress.

Question 13

Amy faces a long commute to college every day and once there parking is difficult to find.These everyday events can be classified as

Accepted Answer

Amy's everyday events can be classified as daily hassles, which are minor but frequent stressors that can accumulate over time and have a negative impact on overall well-being. Cataclysmic and major life events refer to major traumatic events such as natural disasters or the death of a loved one, which are not applicable in this situation.

Question 14

Discrimination is a source of stress that may increase the risk for _______.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination can contribute to both cardiovascular disease and mental health problems due to the chronic stress it causes. This can lead to physiological changes in the body, such as inflammation and elevated blood pressure, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease. Discrimination can also have negative psychological effects, including depression, anxiety, and reduced self-esteem, increasing the risk for mental health problems.

Question 15

Cataclysmic events,such as 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina,can cause individuals to experience a prolonged stress response and feelings of depression and anxiety,and after such events individuals are often diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

Cataclysmic events can cause individuals to experience a prolonged stress response and feelings of depression and anxiety, which are symptoms commonly associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While social anxiety, stomach ulcers, and migraines can all be caused by stress, they are not typically associated with cataclysmic events in the same way that PTSD is.

Question 16

Life events produce stress by

Accepted Answer

Life events produce stress primarily by creating change and requiring adaptation, as individuals must adjust to new circumstances and challenges.

Question 17

In the past year,Kelly has graduated from college,changed jobs,and bought a house.All of these events can be classified as

Accepted Answer

Graduating from college, changing jobs, and buying a house are all major life events that involve significant changes and transitions in an individual's life. Cataclysmic life events refer to sudden and often traumatic experiences such as natural disasters or loss of a loved one, while daily hassles are minor stressors that occur on a regular basis.

Question 18

To Lazarus and Folkman,several factors determine a person's ability to cope with an event.Which of these is NOT one such factor?

Accepted Answer

According to Lazarus and Folkman, the factors that determine a person's ability to cope with an event include material resources, the belief in one's capacity to bring about the desired consequences, and problem-solving skills. The magnitude of the event is not considered one of these factors.

Question 19

Noise is considered a type of pollution because

Accepted Answer

Noise is considered a type of pollution because it is a noxious, unwanted stimulus. It can cause physical and psychological harm, as well as disrupt natural environments and wildlife habitats. The subjective nature of "one person's music is another person's noise" does not apply in this context.

Question 20

Self-report inventories of stress are useful to the extent that

Accepted Answer

Self-report inventories of stress are useful only if they are reliable, valid, and include the items that people actually find stressful. If they meet these criteria, they can be used to predict future illness and monitor stress levels over time. Therefore, D is the correct answer.

Quiz 5: Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress