Question 1

According to the 2010 U.S.Census,what percentage of Americans are considered non-Hispanic White?

Accepted Answer

According to the 2010 U.S. Census, non-Hispanic Whites make up approximately 62% of the total population in the United States.

Question 2

Robert Park's "race relations cycle" theory is most closely associated with which of the following schools of thought?

Accepted Answer

Robert Park's "race relations cycle" theory, which outlines a cycle of contact, competition, accommodation, and assimilation between racial or ethnic groups, is most closely associated with structural functionalism. This perspective views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability, and Park's theory fits within this framework by suggesting a process through which racial tensions are resolved and societal harmony is achieved.

Question 3

Foreign-born people who are raised in the United States from childhood are known as ______.

Accepted Answer

The term for foreign-born people who are raised in the United States from childhood is the 1.5 generation. This is because they are not quite considered the second generation (who are born and raised in the United States with parents who are immigrants), but they are also not fully considered first-generation immigrants (who are born and raised in another country and then immigrate to the United States).

Question 4

One in ______ children of immigrants in the United States lives in poverty.

Accepted Answer

One in three children of immigrants in the United States lives in poverty, highlighting the economic challenges faced by immigrant families.

Question 5

Mary considers herself to be Black and Jamaican.Most social scientists would say that Black is her ______ and Jamaican is her ______.

Accepted Answer

Race refers to a person's physical characteristics, such as skin color, while ethnicity refers to a person's cultural identity, such as their nationality or ancestry. Black is a racial category, and Jamaican is an ethnic category, as it indicates the cultural heritage and nationality of a person.

Question 6

Patrick is a White American who typically only thinks about his Irish ethnicity on St.Patrick's Day.Patrick's Irish ethnicity is largely ______.

Accepted Answer

Patrick's Irish ethnicity is only meaningful or important to him symbolically on St. Patrick's Day. This implies he does not actively engage with his Irish heritage or derive identity from it regularly, indicating that his Irish ethnicity is largely symbolic.

Question 7

Which best describes the misunderstanding that when a small number of individuals from a minority group become successful in a society,racism no longer exists in that society?

Accepted Answer

This misunderstanding is known as the tokenistic fallacy, which assumes that the success of a few individuals from a minority group indicates that fairness and equality exist in society. However, this belief fails to recognize the broader social structures and systematic disparities that still exist, resulting in the continued marginalization of the majority of individuals from that minority group.

Question 8

Symbolic ethnicity ______.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic ethnicity refers to an ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact the individual's daily life. It often stems from the heritage of distant relatives rather than the immediate cultural practices of the person's family, making it a choice rather than an obligatory part of their identity.

Question 9

According to the 2010 U.S.Census,what percentage of Americans are considered Native American?

Accepted Answer

According to the 2010 U.S. Census, only 1 percent of Americans are considered Native American. This translates to approximately 3.7 million people out of the total U.S. population of 308.7 million at the time.

Question 10

Which is a form of racism in the criminal justice system that results not only from the way the court system is structured but also from the way policing works?

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism is a form of racism that exists within the operational practices of societal institutions such as the criminal justice system. This is particularly evident in the ways policing is conducted, from the use of racial profiling to the uneven distribution of resources in marginalized communities. The court system is also structured in a way that disproportionately targets and punishes racial and ethnic minority groups. Together, these factors create a system of institutional racism within the criminal justice system.

Question 11

______ is a system of racialized segregation that existed in the United States from the Emancipation Proclamation of 1865 to the landmark civil rights legislation of the late 1960s.

Accepted Answer

Jim Crow laws enforced racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans in public spaces, schools, housing, and employment. These laws were prevalent in the southern states of the US until the civil rights movement successfully challenged and abolished them in the 1960s.

Question 12

Which of the following most accurately describes the process by which the dominant race in society is shielded from the most toxic/harmful environmental threats,while minority groups are exposed to various health risks/hazards?

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as environmental racism, which refers to the disproportionate exposure of minority groups to harmful environmental conditions, such as toxic waste sites, pollution, and industrial facilities. This is often a result of discriminatory policies and practices in both the public and private sectors that place these facilities in or near minority communities, resulting in negative health outcomes for these populations. Institutional discrimination refers to discriminatory policies and practices within institutions, while assimilation refers to the process of adopting the dominant culture. Internalized racism refers to the acceptance of racial stereotypes and discrimination by members of the targeted group. While these concepts are related to issues of race and discrimination, they do not specifically address the phenomenon of disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards.

Question 13

Whites are a numerical minority in all of the following states EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

As of the latest U.S. Census data available up to 2023, whites are not a numerical minority in Illinois, whereas they are in Texas, Hawaii, and New Mexico.

Question 14

According to the 2010 U.S.Census,what percentage of Americans are considered Black?

Accepted Answer

According to the 2010 U.S.Census, 13% of Americans are considered Black.

Question 15

Economists Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan found that even when resumes are otherwise identical,those with White-sounding names got callbacks one in ______ times,while the Black-sounding "applicants" got only one in ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Economists Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan found...

Question 16

Which of the following increases a person's likelihood of being unemployed,having lower income and net worth,and spending time in prison?

Accepted Answer

Belonging to a racial minority has been statistically linked to higher rates of unemployment, lower income and net worth, and spending time in prison due to systemic inequalities and discrimination. Assimilation, symbolic racism, and internalized racism may also contribute to these issues, but they are not as directly linked as racial minority status.

Question 17

According to the 2010 U.S.Census,what percentage of Americans are considered Hispanic?

Accepted Answer

According to the 2010 U.S. Census, approximately 16.3% of the U.S. population identifies as Hispanic or Latino. However, this percentage has likely increased in recent years, so choosing 18% is a reasonable estimation. The other answer choices (6%, 26%, and 36%) are either too low or too high based on available census data.

Question 18

According to the 2010 U.S.Census,what percentage of Americans are considered Asian American?

Accepted Answer

According to the 2010 U.S. Census, approximately 6% of the American population was considered Asian American.

Question 19

Between 2009 and 2011,the most common country of origin for persons obtaining naturalized U.S.citizenship was ______.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, between 2009 and 2011, Mexico was the most common country of origin for persons obtaining naturalized U.S. citizenship, followed by India and the Philippines.

Question 20

______ racism is a form of racism in which people of color buy into racist ideology that characterizes their own group as inferior.

Accepted Answer

Internalized racism refers to when people of color have internalized racist attitudes and beliefs about their own race or ethnicity. This can manifest as feeling ashamed of one's own cultural background or believing that members of one's own race are inferior. This is often a result of systemic racism and discrimination.

Quiz 3: Race and Ethnicity