Question 1

A placebo may be described as a tablet or capsule:

Accepted Answer

A placebo is a tablet or capsule that does not contain an active drug. It is often used as a control in clinical trials to compare the effects of an active drug to the effects of no treatment or a sham treatment.

B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe different types of medication that are not placebos.

Question 2

Most drugs are metabolized in the ____ and excreted through the ____.

Accepted Answer

The liver is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing drugs, while the kidneys are responsible for excreting them. Therefore, option C, "liver;kidneys," is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because drugs are not excreted through the intestines. Option B is incorrect because drugs are not metabolized in the lymph nodes or excreted through the lungs. Option D is incorrect because drugs are not metabolized in body cells.

Question 3

The full course of a prescribed antimicrobial drug should be completed so as to prevent:

Accepted Answer

The completion of the full course of a prescribed antimicrobial drug is necessary to prevent the development of resistant microbes, which can lead to recurrent infections that are more difficult to treat. It is essential to eradicate all the pathogenic microbes from the body to prevent the development of resistant strains that could potentially be more virulent and deadly. Additionally, stopping the drug prematurely can cause only the susceptible microbes to die, leaving the resistant ones to multiply, leading to resistance development. Therefore, it is essential to always complete the prescribed course of antimicrobial drug therapy.

Question 4

At which site are most drugs metabolized and prepared for excretion?

Accepted Answer

The liver is the primary site of drug metabolism and preparation for excretion in the body. It contains enzymes that break down drugs into metabolites that can be eliminated from the body through urine or feces. The kidneys also play a role in excretion, but they do not metabolize drugs to the same extent as the liver. Circulating blood and lymphoid tissue are not involved in drug metabolism or excretion.

Question 5

Which of the following are considered to be the toxic effects of a drug?

Accepted Answer

Toxic effects of a drug are serious and possibly life-threatening effects it may have on the body. Option A and B describe mild or unwanted effects, but not necessarily toxic effects. Option D specifically refers to the effects a drug may have on developing fetal cells, which is not the same as toxic effects on a fully developed human body.

Question 6

What is the reaction called when two drugs interact to produce a result much greater than the sum of individual effects?

Accepted Answer

Synergism is the interaction between two drugs that results in a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects. This can be beneficial in some cases, but it can also increase the risk of side effects and toxicity. Potentiation is a specific type of synergism in which one drug enhances the effect of another drug in a way that is not directly related to their pharmacological actions. Antagonism, on the other hand, is the interaction between two drugs that results in a decreased effect compared to using either drug alone.

Question 7

Which of the following is trained to help individuals with swallowing problems?

Accepted Answer

A speech-language pathologist is trained to assess and treat swallowing problems (also known as dysphagia) in individuals of all ages. They can provide exercises and strategies to improve swallowing function and prevent complications such as choking or aspiration.

Question 8

On a prescription,the abbreviation prn means :

Accepted Answer

PRN is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "pro re nata," which means "as needed" in English. So, it stands for "when needed."

Question 9

A medical history should include all:
1)legally prescribed drugs
2)vitamin or mineral supplements
3)any medication not requiring a prescription (over-the-counter items)
4)herbal treatments

Accepted Answer

The answer of A medical history should include all:
1)legally prescribed...

Question 10

A drug that binds with selected specific cell receptors may:
1)stimulate activity in those cells
2)inhibit activity in those cells
3)have widespread effects on body functions
4)produce many unwanted side effects

Accepted Answer

A drug that binds with selected specific cell receptors can either stimulate or inhibit the activity in those cells, depending on the desired effect. This targeted approach is preferred over drugs with widespread effects on the body functions, which may produce many unwanted side effects. Therefore, options 3 and 4 can be eliminated.

Question 11

A medical doctor who incorporates drugs,surgery,and manipulations of the musculoskeletal system is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

An osteopath is a medical doctor who uses drugs, surgery, and manipulations of the musculoskeletal system to treat patients. Chiropractors focus solely on manipulations of the musculoskeletal system, while naturopaths emphasize natural healing methods and reflexologists use pressure points on the feet, hands, and ears to treat patients.

Question 12

What is the official name assigned to a specific drug for worldwide use?

Accepted Answer

The generic name is the official name assigned to a specific drug for worldwide use. It is the name of the active ingredient and is not owned by any specific pharmaceutical company. Trade names (A), proprietary names (C), and chemical names (B) are all different types of names that can be given to a drug, but they are not the official name assigned for worldwide use.

Question 13

Traditional drug or surgical therapy is incorporated with nontraditional methods by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traditional drug or surgical therapy is incorporated...

Question 14

What are the first priorities in the assessment of a patient in an emergency situation?

Accepted Answer

The first priorities in the assessment of a patient in an emergency situation are to determine the level of consciousness and respiratory function. These two factors are critical in determining the severity of the situation and immediate interventions needed to maintain the patient's life. Presence of bleeding and checking blood pressure, appearance of the patient and cause of the problem, and calling 911 for an ambulance are important but secondary to determining the level of consciousness and respiratory function.

Question 15

Which is the route of administration by which the largest proportion of the drug dose is likely lost before reaching the site of action?

Accepted Answer

When a drug is administered orally, it has to go through digestion and liver metabolism before reaching the bloodstream and the site of action. This results in a significant amount of the drug being lost before reaching its intended destination. In contrast, intravenous administration delivers the drug directly into the bloodstream, bypassing first-pass metabolism, and therefore, is the most efficient route of administration for delivering drugs to the site of action.

Question 16

In traditional Asian medicine,acupoints are usually located:

Accepted Answer

Acupoints are traditionally located along designated meridians in traditional Asian medicine, which are thought to be energy pathways within the body.

Question 17

A drug is taken with a meal when it:

Accepted Answer

Taking a drug with a meal can help to reduce irritation of the stomach that may occur when taking medication on an empty stomach.

Question 18

Ingesting a drug with a large meal would likely:

Accepted Answer

Ingesting a drug with a large meal would delay the absorption of the drug into the blood as the food in the stomach slows down the rate at which the drug is absorbed. This can result in a slower onset of action for the drug.

Question 19

Antagonistic drugs may be used to:

Accepted Answer

Antagonistic drugs act as antidotes, meaning they counteract or neutralize the effects of another drug.

Question 20

Which is the correct abbreviation for "three times daily"?

Accepted Answer

The correct abbreviation for "three times daily" is tid. Q3h means "every 3 hours", qid means "four times daily", and prn means "as needed".

Quiz 16: Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Selected Therapies