Question 1

Trabecular bone has a faster turnover rate than cortical bone.

Accepted Answer

Trabecular bone, also known as spongy bone, has a higher metabolic activity and blood supply than cortical bone, which makes it more responsive to changes in bone turnover. This means that it is replaced more frequently, resulting in a faster turnover rate compared to the slower turnover rate of cortical bone.

Question 2

The iron-carrying protein that assists in the transport of oxygen into muscle cells is
A) myoglobin.
B) hemoglobin.
C) hematocrit.
D) hemosiderin.

Accepted Answer

Myoglobin is the protein found in muscle cells that assists in the transport of oxygen into the cells. Hemoglobin, on the other hand, is the protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body. Hematocrit is a measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in the blood, and hemosiderin is an iron storage protein.

Question 3

Which of the following is associated with increased absorption of zinc?
A) vegetarian diet
B) adolescence
C) aging
D) high intake of non-heme iron

Accepted Answer

Adolescence is associated with increased absorption of zinc due to the rapid growth and development that occurs during this life stage, which increases the body's demand for zinc.

Question 4

Research suggests that taking supplemental vitamin C
A) can prevent colds.
B) can reduce the duration of colds.
C) can reduce the severity of a cold once it has begun.
D) has no effect on the incidence, duration, or severity of colds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research suggests that taking supplemental vitamin C
A)...

Question 5

Consuming vitamin C enhances the body's absorption of which mineral?
A) chromium
B) iron
C) sulfur
D) manganese

Accepted Answer

Consuming vitamin C enhances the body's absorption of iron. Iron is an essential mineral that helps in the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. Vitamin C helps convert iron into a form that is more easily absorbed by the body. This is especially important for individuals who follow a plant-based diet, as the type of iron found in plant sources is not as easily absorbed as the type found in animal sources.

Question 6

Females reach their full adult height earlier than males do.

Accepted Answer

Females typically experience a growth spurt at an earlier age than males and therefore reach their full adult height earlier. On average, females reach their full height by age 18, while males continue to grow until their mid-20s.

Question 7

Zinc is a trace mineral that plays a critical role in
A) calcium regulation and bone health.
B) the transport of oxygen to body cells.
C) iron transport and the regulation of serotonin.
D) metabolism, gene expression, and normal growth.

Accepted Answer

Zinc is essential for many physiological functions, including metabolism, gene expression, and normal growth. It is required for the proper functioning of more than 300 enzymes, supports immune system function, and helps with wound healing. Zinc also plays a role in DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and cell division. While calcium, oxygen, iron, and serotonin all play important roles in the body, only zinc is critical for metabolism, gene expression, and normal growth.

Question 8

The majority of the calcium formed in our bodies is found in the blood and soft tissues.

Accepted Answer

The majority of the calcium in our bodies is actually found in bones and teeth, not in the blood or soft tissues. Only a small fraction of calcium is present in the blood and soft tissues.

Question 9

Cortical bone is more sensitive than trabecular bone to changes in hormonal and nutritional factors.

Accepted Answer

Trabecular bone is more metabolically active and has a greater surface area exposed to bone marrow, making it more sensitive to changes in hormonal and nutritional factors than cortical bone.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a common storage site in the body for iron?
A) liver
B) spleen
C) bone marrow
D) kidney

Accepted Answer

The kidney is not a common storage site for iron in the body. The liver, spleen, and bone marrow are all known to store iron.

Question 11

Bob's physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia.Which of the following advice should Bob follow to increase his body's absorption of dietary iron?
A) He should have a glass of red wine with his dinner.
B) He should drink a glass of orange juice with his breakfast cereal.
C) He should increase his consumption of legumes and whole grains.
D) He should avoid cooking his foods in cast-iron pans.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of dietary iron, and orange juice is a good source of vitamin C. Therefore, drinking a glass of orange juice with Bob's breakfast cereal would be the best choice to increase his body's absorption of dietary iron. Red wine may contain some iron, but it is not a reliable source and excessive alcohol intake can actually interfere with iron absorption. While legumes and whole grains are good sources of iron, they also contain phytic acid which can hinder iron absorption. Avoiding cooking in cast-iron pans is also not necessary, and may actually increase iron intake if the food cooked in them is acidic (as the iron leaches into the food).

Question 12

Which of the following BEST explains why Denise has low iron absorption?
A) She regularly takes antacids.
B) She drinks at least one alcoholic beverage daily.
C) She is lactose intolerant and avoids consuming dairy products.
D) She is pregnant.

Accepted Answer

Antacids can reduce the stomach's acidity, which is necessary for the proper absorption of iron. This can lead to lower iron absorption in individuals who regularly take antacids.

Question 13

A deficiency of which of the following can result in a condition called macrocytic (or megaloblastic)anemia?
A) folate
B) iron
C) B₆
D) zinc

Accepted Answer

Folate deficiency can result in macrocytic anemia, which is characterized by the production of large, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts). Iron deficiency anemia, on the other hand, is characterized by small, pale red blood cells (microcytic anemia). B6 deficiency may cause a type of anemia called sideroblastic anemia, while zinc deficiency may cause a decrease in overall immune function and a host of other symptoms, but not macrocytic anemia.

Question 14

Blood is a connective tissue.

Accepted Answer

Blood fits the definition of connective tissue, which is a tissue that connects or supports other tissues or organs. The main function of blood is to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, which requires connective properties.

Question 15

Without vitamin C,collagen
A) strands cannot dissociate into durable collagen fibers.
B) binds with iron, which causes its fibers to become thick and sclerotic.
C) takes on a helical structure that reduces its flexibility and strength.
D) chains cannot cross-link to form strong, stable strands.

Accepted Answer

Without vitamin C, the chains of collagen cannot cross-link to form strong, stable strands. This results in weakened and less durable collagen fibers.

Question 16

When dietary intake of calcium is low,the body takes calcium from bone.

Accepted Answer

When dietary intake of calcium is low, the body will take calcium from the bones to maintain normal calcium levels in the blood, leading to bone loss over time.

Question 17

Found in meat,poultry,and fish,the meat factor
A) enhances absorption of non-heme iron.
B) enhances absorption of heme iron.
C) enhances absorption of vitamin C.
D) enhances absorption of folate by the mother during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The meat factor enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which is the form of iron found in plant-based foods and is less easily absorbed by the body compared to heme iron, found in animal products.

Question 18

Along with vitamin C,what mineral is important in the synthesis of collagen?
A) iron
B) copper
C) zinc
D) magnesium

Accepted Answer

Copper plays a crucial role in the synthesis and stabilization of collagen fibers, acting as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase, an enzyme necessary for the cross-linking of collagen and elastin.

Question 19

Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect which of the following?
A) production of hemoglobin
B) ability of blood to clot
C) iron transport
D) iron stores

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency first affects iron stores in the body. When dietary intake of iron is insufficient, the body uses iron from its stores to maintain essential functions, such as the production of hemoglobin. Only after these stores are depleted do symptoms of iron deficiency, such as anemia, begin to manifest.

Question 20

Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that continues to bleed.Which of the following deficiencies is MOST likely to be causing this increased bleeding?
A) vitamin K
B) vitamin D
C) copper
D) zinc

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, so a deficiency in this vitamin can cause increased bleeding. Deficiencies in the other listed vitamins and minerals may cause other health issues, but they would not be the most likely cause of increased bleeding.

Quiz 9: Nutrients Essential to Healthy Tissues

Trabecular bone has a faster turnover rate than cortical bone.

The iron-carrying protein that assists in the transport of oxygen into muscle cells is

Which of the following is associated with increased absorption of zinc?

Research suggests that taking supplemental vitamin C

Consuming vitamin C enhances the body's absorption of which mineral?

Females reach their full adult height earlier than males do.

Zinc is a trace mineral that plays a critical role in

The majority of the calcium formed in our bodies is found in the blood and soft tissues.

Cortical bone is more sensitive than trabecular bone to changes in hormonal and nutritional factors.

Which of the following is NOT a common storage site in the body for iron?

Bob's physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia.Which of the following advice should Bob follow to increase his body's absorption of dietary iron?

Which of the following BEST explains why Denise has low iron absorption?

A deficiency of which of the following can result in a condition called macrocytic (or megaloblastic) anemia?

Blood is a connective tissue.

Without vitamin C,collagen

When dietary intake of calcium is low,the body takes calcium from bone.

Found in meat,poultry,and fish,the meat factor

Along with vitamin C,what mineral is important in the synthesis of collagen?

Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect which of the following?

Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that continues to bleed.Which of the following deficiencies is MOST likely to be causing this increased bleeding?