Narrative 13-3 a Discipline Called "Analytics" Has Risen to the Forefront of Forefront

Narrative 13-3
A discipline called "analytics" has risen to the forefront of several major professional sports,with the National Hockey League (NHL) seeming as though they've finally come around. The underlying argument of analytics-minded staff is that a player's value to a team cannot be measured using traditional statistics such as goals,assists,shots on goal,and penalty minutes. The Florida Panthers,for instance,made some surprising trades during the 2016 offseason that ran counter to received hockey wisdom.
In Arizona,John Chayka was appointed General Manager of the Arizona Coyotes at age 26 in May 2016. His hire wasn't without controversy,as some executives branded his hiring "nuts." Chayka's response was "I've never been [one] to really care much what other people think. It's a matter of perspective,opinion. … For me,it's not about myself,my age,my experience,and my background;it's more about a team. … As a team we feel we can accomplish all we need to and we have all the necessary experience to be successful." Head coach Dave Tippett,who reports to Chayka,said,"[He's] going to be a difference-maker. And when you have a difference-maker on your team,it makes everybody better." Chayka's "message to [the] players is that if there is something we need to do to help our organization win,we're going to do it. [Our] mandate from ownership [is] to eliminate all excuses and maximize all of our players."
-Refer to Narrative 13-3. By describing Chayka as a "difference-maker," which of the following are his coworkers using to define Chayka?

A) trait theory  
B) path-goal theory  
C) motivation decision theory  
D) contingency theory