Question 1

Kathy, who is in late adulthood, has noticed that she no longer spends time with her former colleagues from work but spends a great deal of time with people whom she volunteers with at a local volunteer ambulance base.She finds that her friends who volunteer bring her a great degree of happiness and she has a lower degree of conflict, if any, with them.It is clear that Kathy has moved toward a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

Kathy's focus on spending time with people who bring her happiness and minimal conflict suggests that she values emotional connections in her relationships. Therefore, she has moved toward an emotion-based social relationship.

Question 2

In a national American study (Ward, 2008), what percentage of older adults reported seeing at least one child several times a week?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a national American study (Ward, 2008),...

Question 3

Co-residence of older adults and adult children in southern European countries such as Greece, Italy, and Spain is about __________.

Accepted Answer

Co-residence of older adults and adult children in southern European countries such as Greece, Italy, and Spain is around 45%. This is due to cultural values and economic circumstances, which prioritize family unity and mutual support.

Question 4

Due to the social welfare programs instituted in developed countries in the course of the 20th century, people older than 65 are now __________.

Accepted Answer

Due to the social welfare programs, people older than 65 are now the most affluent segment of the population. These programs include benefits such as retirement pensions, healthcare, and other financial aid, which have helped to improve the economic well-being of seniors. As a result, they tend to have higher incomes and greater financial security than other age groups.

Question 5

In terms of assisting each other, American children provide more assistance when their parents reach late adulthood, __________.

Accepted Answer

The balance of financial assistance typically remains in favor of parents providing more support to their children, even when children begin to assist their parents more in late adulthood.

Question 6

According to Carstensen and her colleagues, the goals that people have for their social relationships when they are younger are __________ whereas the goals that people have for their social relationships in late adulthood are __________.

Accepted Answer

Carstensen and her colleagues propose that as people age, their social goals shift from being knowledge-based (seeking information and new experiences) when they are younger to being more emotion-based (seeking emotional satisfaction and well-being) in late adulthood. This reflects a change in priorities as individuals age, focusing more on emotional fulfillment in their relationships.

Question 7

In what countries are older adults more likely to live in nursing homes, assisting living, or other institutional care facilities?

Accepted Answer

The United States, Canada, and northern Europe have a higher prevalence of nursing homes, assisted living, and other institutional care facilities for older adults compared to other regions of the world. This can be attributed to factors such as a higher level of economic development, a greater emphasis on individualism and autonomy, and a higher proportion of older adults living alone or without family support.

Question 8

You have noticed that your 84-year-old great-grandmother has a much smaller set of friends than she used to have.You know that the same individuals whom she used to be friends with are still living in the same neighborhood.According to Cartensen, older adults tend to __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Cartensen, older adults tend to withdraw from friendships that are not rewarding. Therefore, it is possible that the 84-year-old great-grandmother has withdrawn from some of her friendships because they were not fulfilling for her.

Question 9

A century ago, the elderly were the __________ segment of the population; however, currently, in developed countries, they are now the __________ segment.

Accepted Answer

A century ago, the elderly were often among the poorest due to lack of social security systems and retirement plans. Today, in developed countries, many elderly benefit from pensions, savings, and social security, making them relatively affluent compared to the past.

Question 10

In Eastern countries like China, Japan, and India, older parents traditionally live with __________.

Accepted Answer

In Eastern cultures, especially in China, Japan, and India, it is the norm for the eldest son to live with and care for his aging parents. This practice is rooted in the Confucian philosophy of filial piety, which emphasizes respect for one's elders and caretaking responsibilities for one's parents in their old age.

Question 11

In Western countries, who consistently is more likely to provide care for elderly parents?

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that daughters are more likely to provide care for elderly parents in Western countries, with some estimates suggesting that they provide up to 75% of all elderly care. Sons may also provide care, but generally not to the same extent as daughters. Geriatric nurse-practitioners and orderlies may provide care, but they are not as likely to be family members and therefore may not have the same level of responsibility or involvement in a care recipient's life.

Question 12

According to Chan and Elder (2000), most grandchildren report being __________.

Accepted Answer

According to Chan and Elder (2000), most grandchildren report being more emotionally close to their grandmother than their grandfather. This finding highlights the unique and often nurturing role grandmothers play in the lives of their grandchildren.

Question 13

In Western countries, most people in late adulthood prefer to live __________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the majority of older adults in Western countries prefer to live independently rather than with their children or in group/nursing homes. This preference for independence is often linked to a desire to maintain autonomy and control over their lives.

Question 14

If your relationship with your grandparents is like most people's, your grandparents think the relationship they have with you is __________.

Accepted Answer

Most grandparents view their relationships with their grandchildren as highly positive. This is often because they have more time to spend with their grandchildren than they did with their own children and can enjoy spoiling and doting on them without the same level of responsibility for their upbringing. Additionally, grandparents may view their role in their grandchildren's lives as an opportunity to create a meaningful legacy and to pass on family traditions and values to the next generation.

Question 15

In Asian countries, filial piety requires that adult children __________.

Accepted Answer

Filial piety in Asian cultures requires adult children to provide care for their late-adulthood parents, which may include physical, emotional, and financial support. Leaving the town in which their parents live or simply providing a financial stipend may not fulfill this cultural expectation. While placing parents in a nursing home may be an option, it is not necessarily the preferred or culturally accepted choice in many Asian countries.

Question 16

Tawanda is a typical American who is in the stage of late adulthood and has three children.Statistically speaking, one can assume that she speaks with at least one of her children __________.

Accepted Answer

Research and surveys on family communication patterns show that it is common for parents in late adulthood to have frequent interactions with their children, often several times a week. This is due to the importance of family ties and the increased availability of communication technologies.

Question 17

Your grandmother has been living alone for the past 14 years, since your grandfather died.She is 86 years old and your parents have been discussing the possibility of having her come to live with them.Your grandmother is likely to prefer living __________.

Accepted Answer

Since your grandmother has been living alone for the past 14 years, it is likely that she values her independence and would prefer to continue living alone rather than moving in with someone else. Moving to a nursing home or other long-term institution would also likely be overwhelming for her at this stage in her life.

Question 18

One European study of older adults and their children in 10 countries found that in the countries of northern Europe, such as Denmark, Netherlands, and Sweden, about __________ of older adults lived with a child.

Accepted Answer

In northern European countries like Denmark, Netherlands, and Sweden, the percentage of older adults living with a child is relatively low, around 5%. This reflects the high level of social services and support systems available in these countries, allowing older adults to live independently for longer.

Question 19

Most people become grandparents for the first time in __________.

Accepted Answer

Most people become grandparents for the first time in middle adulthood, typically between the ages of 45 and 65. This is because it is the typical age range for one's children to have their own children.

Question 20

In the United States, parents in late adulthood reported that their children provided mainly what type of support?

Accepted Answer

Emotional support is the primary type of support that parents in late adulthood report receiving from their children in the United States. This includes companionship, understanding, and empathy, which are crucial for their well-being.

Quiz 12: Late Adulthood

In a national American study (Ward, 2008) , what percentage of older adults reported seeing at least one child several times a week?