Question 1

It is safest to say that conclusion based on empirical data

Accepted Answer

Empirical data-based conclusions are probabilistic, meaning they are likely but not certain, as they rely on observed evidence which can be subject to limitations and variability.

Question 2

Generally,the MINIMUM requirement for statistical significance is that there is less than ____ that the observed results are due to chance.

Accepted Answer

The minimum requirement for statistical significance is typically a p-value of less than 0.05, which means there is less than 5 chances in 100 that the observed results are due to chance.

Question 3

Beth has designed a study to examine whether a new method of learning historical facts will improve the ability of sixth-grade students to recall such facts.The assumption that there will be no difference in the recall ability of a group of sixth graders who use the new method,and those who do not,is the

Accepted Answer

The assumption that there will be no difference in the recall ability of a group of sixth graders who use the new method, and those who do not, is known as the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis assumes there is no difference or relationship between variables. The alternative hypothesis would be that the new method does improve the recall ability of sixth-grade students, and this is what the study is seeking to prove or disprove.

Question 4

Statistically significant results

Accepted Answer

Statistically significant results mean that the findings are not likely due to chance and provide evidence to support the research hypothesis.

Question 5

Astin believes that people will be more persuaded by an argument if the person presenting the argument is tall,rather than if the presenter is short.Astin wants to test her belief in an experiment.In this instance,Astin should state her null hypothesis as

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis typically states that there is no relationship or difference between two variables being tested. In this case, if Astin wants to test whether presenter's height affects persuasion, the null hypothesis would be that there is no impact of presenter's height on persuasion. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 6

The two major strengths of the empirical approach are

Accepted Answer

The two major strengths of the empirical approach are its precision and intolerance for error. This means that the approach is very meticulous and accurate in measuring and evaluating data, leading to more reliable and valid results. Additionally, its rigorous methodology makes it less prone to errors or bias, which enhances the accuracy of the conclusions drawn from the research.

Question 7

In research,the assumption that no relationship exists between two variables is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis is the assumption that no relationship exists between two variables. This hypothesis is tested against an alternative hypothesis in research.

Question 8

When you reject the null hypothesis,

Accepted Answer

When you reject the null hypothesis, you have statistically significant results, which means that the probability of obtaining your results by chance is very low (usually less than 5%).

Question 9

Lydia has designed a study to examine whether a new method of learning historical facts will improve the ability of sixth-grade students to recall such facts.Her prediction that the new method will improve memory is her

Accepted Answer

Lydia's prediction that the new method of learning historical facts will improve memory is her research hypothesis. A research hypothesis is a statement that predicts the relationship between two variables, which is what Lydia is doing in this scenario.

Question 10

Psychological tests are relative measures.It is possible to assess how people score on a trait in comparison to other people using the

Accepted Answer

The normal distribution is used to compare an individual's scores on a test to the scores of a larger population. This allows for a better understanding of how that individual's scores compare to others and provides a relative measure. Correlation and scatter diagrams can be used to analyze relationships between variables but do not provide a relative measure. Research hypotheses are used to test predictions and do not directly assess relative measures.

Quiz 17: Statistical Methods