Question 1

Herbert Simon's theory of bounded rationality asserts that people's reliance on simple decision-making strategies often results in suboptimal decisions.

Accepted Answer

Herbert Simon's theory of bounded rationality suggests that people have limitations, such as time constraints and information availability, which lead them to rely on heuristics or simple decision-making strategies. However, these heuristics can sometimes result in suboptimal decisions, as they may not take into account all relevant information or potential consequences.

Question 2

When trying to decide between two different choices of sandwiches for lunch Suzi can use a variety of strategies,including an additive strategy in which she gradually adds less attractive choices to her elimination list and an elimination strategy in which she will gradually eliminate the attributes that will allow her to eliminate the numerous choices until she has one remaining.

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Question 3

Explain the factors that individuals typically consider in risky decision-making.

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Question 4

Summarize evidence on language acquisition in animals.

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Question 5

What special opportunities or problems are connected with bilingualism? What advantages are there for bilingual children? Based on what you have learned about cognition and language,when do you think second language learning begin in US schools? Why?

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Question 6

Briefly describe the types of errors that children make during their first attempts at language use.

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Question 7

Algorithms are guiding principles or "rules of thumb" used in solving problems or making decisions.

Accepted Answer

Algorithms are precise, step-by-step procedures or formulas for solving problems, not just general guidelines or "rules of thumb."

Question 8

Briefly explain why people often find some problems difficult to solve.

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Question 9

What are the steps that you would go through to solve the problem of finding the best Chinese restaurant in your new town?

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Question 10

Briefly discuss cultural variations in cognitive style as they relate to problem solving.

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Question 11

Compare and contrast the behaviorist,nativist,and interactionist perspectives on language acquisition.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Confirmation bias refers to our tendency to overestimate the likelihood of dramatic events.

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias refers to our tendency to search, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms our preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, regardless of whether they are dramatic or not.

Question 13

Mental shortcuts used to help people in estimating probabilities include the representativeness heuristic and can lead people to estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The representativeness heuristic can lead people to believe that events that seem similar are more likely to occur together, even if the actual probability of both events occurring together is lower than the probability of either event occurring alone. This can cause people to overestimate the likelihood of unlikely events.

Question 14

When people rely on the recognition heuristic,they infer that alternatives that are recognized have a higher value than alternatives that are not recognized.

Accepted Answer

This is the basic idea behind the recognition heuristic. It can lead to quick, but not always accurate, decisions when there are limited time or resources to consider all available options.

Question 15

Your sister has just given birth to her first child and has asked you when she should expect the baby to begin speaking.In a paragraph or two,present what you would tell her about the development of language in the first two years of life.

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Question 16

The tendency to keep using the same strategy over and over again when trying to solve a problem is known as functional fixedness.

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness is the cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used, not the tendency to use the same strategy repeatedly. The latter is known as a mental set.

Question 17

Compare and contrast the behaviorist and nativist theories of language acquisition.What is the interactionist view,and how has it arisen out of dissatisfaction with the other two approaches?

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Question 18

The most recent theories of language development emphasize the subjective nature of human experience.

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Question 19

List and describe the three types of problems proposed by Greeno.

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Question 20

Summarize the effects of bilingualism on language and cognitive development.

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Quiz 8: Language and Thought