Question 1

The Tupamaros represent a case of short-term success, long-term failure for dissident rebellion.

Accepted Answer

The Tupamaros were successful in their immediate goal of creating a sense of chaos and anarchy in Uruguay, but in the long-term, their actions led to their own downfall and the strengthening of the government's repressive measures.

Question 2

In your opinion, is nihilist violence ever justifiable? Briefly explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

The Red Army Faction's leaders committed suicide in prison.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, and Jan-Carl Raspe, leaders of the Red Army Faction, committed suicide in Stammheim Prison in Stuttgart, Germany on October 18, 1977.

Question 4

Briefly discuss the terrorist environment created by Uruguay's Tupamaros.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

Describe the evolution in motivation and ideology within the Palestinian movement. Why did a movement like Hamas become so prominent?

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

Discuss why, from the perspective of revolutionary nationalists, terrorist violence may sometimes be acceptable and/or necessary.

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

The Tamil Tigers were among the first movements to routinely use suicide bombers.

Accepted Answer

The Tamil Tigers, also known as the LTTE, were one of the first organizations to use suicide bombings as a tactic in their fight for an independent Tamil state in Sri Lanka. They are credited with popularizing the use of suicide bombers in the late 20th century.

Question 8

The Tupamaros are an example of extremists leading the people to a successful revolution after provoking the government to react violently.

Accepted Answer

The Tupamaros, a Uruguayan guerrilla group, did not lead a successful revolution; their activities in the 1960s and early 1970s ultimately led to a military coup in 1973, which established a dictatorial regime in Uruguay, not the outcome they intended.

Question 9

Terrorists and other violent dissidents have a faith in victory that is often unrealistic.

Accepted Answer

Terrorists and violent dissidents often believe in their cause and have a faith in their ability to achieve victory. However, this faith is often unrealistic and not based on practical considerations. They may fail to consider the strength and capabilities of their opponents, underestimate the challenges they will face, and overestimate their own abilities. This can lead to disastrous consequences and a failure to achieve their objectives.

Question 10

The Red Brigade was a West German terrorist movement that regularly attacked German and NATO targets.

Accepted Answer

The Red Brigade was actually an Italian terrorist group, not a West German one.

Question 11

Briefly discuss the terrorist environment created by Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

The PLO was ultimately defeated by Israel.

Accepted Answer

The PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) has not been completely defeated by Israel. While there have been military and political conflicts between the two entities, the PLO remains a significant political force in the Palestinian territories and has achieved recognition as the representative of the Palestinian people in international forums such as the United Nations.

Question 13

The New Terrorism represents an era in which the morality of terrorist violence allows for few limitations on extremist behavior.

Accepted Answer

The term "New Terrorism" is often used to describe a type of terrorism that is characterized by a willingness to use extreme violence without the traditional constraints of morality, such as avoiding harm to civilians. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 14

What are the reasons behind the rise in cell-based organizational arrangements among revolutionaries and the decline in paramilitary arrangements? Describe the characteristics of cell-based and paramilitary arrangements.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

Communal terrorism represents a selective use of violence that is less intense than many terrorist campaigns.

Accepted Answer

Communal terrorism refers to violence perpetrated by groups based on ethnic, religious, or communal identities, and its intensity can vary widely, from less intense acts to highly destructive campaigns, not necessarily being less intense than other forms of terrorism.

Question 16

Briefly discuss the motivations behind "lone-wolf" acts of political violence.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Nihilist dissidents have a clear vision for the post-revolution society.

Accepted Answer

Nihilism is a philosophical belief that rejects the existence of inherent meaning or value in life, and as such, nihilists do not typically have a clear vision for any kind of society. While there may be nihilist dissidents who are involved in revolutionary movements, their lack of belief in any kind of larger purpose or meaning would make it unlikely that they have a clear vision for a post-revolution society.

Question 18

Briefly discuss why Yasir Arafat and other leaders are vilified by their opponents but defended by their supporters.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

In your opinion, can the conscription of child soldiers ever be justified as a matter of practical necessity? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

In your opinion, are rebels sometimes labeled too quickly as terrorists?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 5: Terror From Below: Terrorism by Dissidents