Question 1

Canada abolished the death penalty in 1967.

Accepted Answer

Canada abolished the death penalty for murder nationwide in 1976, although the last execution took place in 1962. The death penalty was removed from the Canadian National Defence Act, effectively abolishing it for all crimes, in 1998.

Question 2

In 2002,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled the execution of mentally retarded offenders as unconstitutional.

Accepted Answer

This is true. In the case of Atkins v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that executing mentally retarded offenders violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 3

The role of neighbourhood committees is an effective means of grassroots control.The example provided in your text describes which of the following such initiatives?

Accepted Answer

The phrase "KGB with little feet" suggests a grassroots initiative involving local community members actively monitoring and controlling their neighborhoods, similar to how the KGB operated with extensive surveillance and control.

Question 4

In 2011,data on the use of the death penalty was classified as a state secret in all but which one of these countries?

Accepted Answer

Yemen did not classify data on the use of the death penalty as a state secret in 2011, unlike the other countries listed.

Question 5

Prostitution and gambling are examples of ____________.

Accepted Answer

Prostitution and gambling are both considered mala prohibita crimes, meaning they are only illegal because they are prohibited by law, rather than being inherently immoral or harmful.

Question 6

The opening of drug treatment courts is congruent with a streamlining approach to get tougher on crimes,especially those involving minors.

Accepted Answer

Drug treatment courts focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment, aiming to address the underlying issues of substance abuse among offenders, which is a different approach than simply getting tougher on crimes.

Question 7

Treating drug abuse and alcoholism as diseases is an example of the medicalization effect.

Accepted Answer

Medicalization effect is the process of defining a problem or behavior as a medical condition that requires medical treatment. By treating drug abuse and alcoholism as diseases, they are being medicalized.

Question 8

Those who kill white people in the United States are more likely than those who kill blacks to receive the death penalty.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that in the United States, those who kill white people are more likely to receive the death penalty than those who kill black people. This is often attributed to racial bias in the criminal justice system.

Question 9

The number of death sentences in the United States has increased over the last 15 years.

Accepted Answer

The number of death sentences in the United States has actually decreased over the last 15 years. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, there were 295 death sentences imposed in the United States in 2019, which is a significant decrease from the peak of 315 in 1994.

Question 10

____________ refers to acting beyond the scope of the statute or legislative law to protect the vulnerable.

Accepted Answer

Parens patriae refers to the power of the state to act as a parent to protect the rights and interests of children, the mentally ill, and other vulnerable groups beyond the scope of the statute or legislative law.

Question 11

The first opium laws were a moral crusade against the users who were predominantly African American.

Accepted Answer

The first opium laws in the United States were aimed primarily at opium dens and were part of anti-Chinese sentiment, not specifically targeting African Americans.

Question 12

In Texas in 2000,it was found that people represented by court-appointed lawyers were ______ percent more likely to be convicted than those who hired their own lawyers.

Accepted Answer

In Texas in 2000, it was found that people represented by court-appointed lawyers were 28 percent more likely to be convicted than those who hired their own lawyers. This statistic highlights disparities in the criminal justice system related to legal representation quality.

Question 13

Since 1987,Canada's drug strategy has been leaning toward a balanced approach combining treatment with tougher sanctions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since 1987,Canada's drug strategy has been leaning...

Question 14

The term _____________ is used to describe the process by which norms are moved from the social to the legal level.

Accepted Answer

The process by which norms are moved from the social to the legal level is called legalization. This can involve the creation of new laws or the modification of existing laws to reflect changing social norms. Decriminalization, on the other hand, refers specifically to the removal of criminal penalties for activities that were previously considered to be crimes. Folkways and mores are both terms used to describe different types of social norms, while formalized sanctioning refers to the use of formal punishments for violating norms (which may or may not involve legal action).

Question 15

In 1998,the Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution Act was passed in which Canadian province?

Accepted Answer

The Protection of Children Involved in Prostitution Act was passed in Alberta in 1998. This legislation was designed to provide protection to children involved in prostitution by allowing for their temporary custody and safekeeping.

Question 16

The term "white-collar crime" was coined in 1939.

Accepted Answer

The term "white-collar crime" was indeed coined in 1939 by sociologist Edwin Sutherland to describe non-violent crimes committed by individuals in respectable, high-status occupations.

Question 17

In Texas in 2000,it was found that people convicted of an offence and represented by court-appointed lawyers were ______ percent more likely to be sentenced to death than those who hired their own lawyers.

Accepted Answer

The prompt states that people represented by court-appointed lawyers were "44 percent more likely to be sentenced to death." This means that they were 44% more likely than those who hired their own lawyers. Therefore, the correct choice is (C) 44.

Question 18

The so-called war on drugs has been criticized on the basis of race and profit motives behind this initiative.

Accepted Answer

The war on drugs has been criticized for its disproportionate impact on communities of color and accusations of profiting from government contracts and prison labor.

Question 19

In their research,Clinard and Abbott found that ____________.

Accepted Answer

Clinard and Abbott found that areas with less crime showed greater solidarity, indicating that social cohesion and community bonds can contribute to lower crime rates.

Question 20

Instrumental offences are aimed toward a material end.Which of the following does not fit within this category?

Accepted Answer

Plagiarism does not have a material end as it is a form of academic or intellectual dishonesty, where someone claims another person's work or ideas as their own.

Quiz 5: Law and Social Control