Question 1

Endorphins act primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Endorphins alter the effects of neurotransmitters by binding to opioid receptors and inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters.

Question 2

Irene purchases St. John's wort in order to relieve her:

Accepted Answer

St. John's wort is commonly used as a natural remedy for mild to moderate depression.

Question 3

Endorphins have effects similar to those of natural opiates, that is, they:

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are neurotransmitters that are released during exercise, excitement, pain, and orgasm. They act on the same receptors in the brain as natural opiates such as morphine and heroin. Endorphins help to reduce pain and promote pleasure, leading to a feeling of euphoria or a "runner's high" after intense exercise. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as endorphins help in reducing pain and promote pleasure in the body.

Question 4

Endorphins play a role in all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Endorphins play a role in all of...

Question 5

Marika is making a chart to serve as a study aid for her upcoming psychology quiz. She makes a list of different types of nervous system chemicals and their functions. She writes that the function of endorphins is to:

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are a type of neurotransmitter that modulate the effects of other neurotransmitters, such as reducing the perception of pain by inhibiting the release of substance P. They do not enable neurons to excite or inhibit each other, affect the functioning of target organs and tissue, or promote digestion and regulate metabolism.

Question 6

Julia sells St. John's wort in her health food store. Her customers purchase this item in order to relieve:

Accepted Answer

St. John's wort is commonly used to relieve symptoms of mild to moderate depression.

Question 7

Chemical substances secreted by glands, which affect the functioning of bodily organs, are called:

Accepted Answer

Hormones are specifically produced and secreted by glands to regulate and control the functions of various organs and systems within the body. Endorphins and opioid peptides are types of neurotransmitters that also influence bodily functions, but are not secreted by glands in the same way as hormones.

Question 8

Hormones are produced primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Hormones are produced primarily by the endocrine glands, which include the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. These glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions.

Question 9

Chemical substances in the nervous system that are similar in structure and in action to opiates are:

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are chemical substances in the nervous system that are similar in structure and in action to opiates. They are neurotransmitters that can produce pain relief and feelings of pleasure and well-being. The other choices (A) hormones, (B) gamma-aminobutyric acids, and (D) neurotransmitters are broad categories that do not specifically refer to substances similar to opiates.

Question 10

Endorphins have effects similar to:

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are known as the body's natural opiates because they bind to the same receptors in the brain as opioids like morphine and heroin, producing similar pain-relieving effects. They are also involved in regulating mood, reducing stress, and promoting pleasure, among other effects. Aspirin and Tylenol work differently, by blocking certain enzymes that cause pain and inflammation. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in motivation, reward, and movement. Amphetamines are a class of stimulants that increase the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, producing effects like alertness, euphoria, and increased energy.

Question 11

Which of the following nervous system chemicals is considered a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that functions in the central nervous system to regulate mood, appetite, and sleep, among other things. Progesterone, testosterone, and estrogen are hormones that are produced by the endocrine system, not the nervous system.

Question 12

Melatonin is secreted by the:

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is primarily secreted by the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain that regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle. The adrenal gland secretes other hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, while the corpus callosum is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and does not secrete any hormones.

Question 13

According to our textbook, endorphins play a role in the:

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are peptides released by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in response to stress, pain, and physical exercise. They are considered natural painkillers and can also contribute to feelings of pleasure and euphoria. Endorphins can affect appetite, sexual activity, and blood pressure through their influence on the hypothalamus and reward pathways in the brain.

Question 14

Many recreational drugs produce their effects by:

Accepted Answer

Many recreational drugs, such as cocaine or marijuana, work by either blocking or enhancing the actions of neurotransmitters in the brain. For example, cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine, leading to an accumulation of dopamine in the synapse and producing a euphoric effect. Marijuana enhances the action of the neurotransmitter anandamide, leading to feelings of relaxation and altered perception.

Question 15

Caryn is making a chart to serve as a study aid for her upcoming psychology quiz. She makes a list of different types of nervous system chemicals and their functions. She writes that the function of hormones is to:

Accepted Answer

Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream and affect the functioning of target organs and tissues throughout the body. They are not directly involved in reducing pain or promoting pleasure, enabling neurons to excite or inhibit each other, or modulating the effects of neurotransmitters.

Question 16

Marcia buys St. John's wort at her local health food store. She may be unaware that:

Accepted Answer

St. John's wort is known to act as a natural antidepressant by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, which means it prevents the cells that release serotonin from reabsorbing excess molecules that have remained in the synaptic gap.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a hormone?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, not a hormone. Hormones are secreted by glands and act on distant organs or tissues. Serotonin, on the other hand, is synthesized in the central nervous system and acts as a neurotransmitter, transmitting signals between neurons.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are actually linked to human attachment. They are released during social bonding activities such as hugging, kissing, and sex, and can help to promote feelings of closeness and security.

Question 19

Jeff is writing a term paper on the role of melatonin. He decides to emphasize the important role that this hormone plays in regard to:

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating our internal biological clock, which is responsible for our daily sleep-wake cycles. When the levels of melatonin in the body rise in the evening, it signals to the brain that it's time to sleep. Conversely, when melatonin levels drop in the morning, it signals that it's time to be awake. Therefore, melatonin is primarily associated with daily biological rhythms and sleep. While it can also be affected by drug use and puberty, these are not the primary functions of melatonin.

Question 20

Endorphins give a species an evolutionary advantage because they:

Accepted Answer

Endorphins make pain bearable, which allows individuals to continue their actions despite the presence of pain. This can give a species an evolutionary advantage by allowing them to survive and thrive in their environment. Eliminating pain entirely (A) may not be necessary for this advantage, and regulating a biological clock (C) and increasing crying in infants (D) are not directly related to pain management and therefore do not provide as clear of an evolutionary advantage.

Quiz 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self