Question 1

Which one of the following terms is not a construct?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety, intelligence, achievement motivation, and arithmetic readiness are all constructs as they are concepts or traits that are difficult to measure directly and are inferred based on observable behaviors or responses. Reading score, on the other hand, is a directly measurable variable that does not require any inference or interpretation.

Question 2

Which of the following represents an operational definition of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

An operational definition specifies the exact way in which a concept is measured or manipulated in a particular study. Choice C, "The scores made on the Stanford-Binet test," provides a specific, measurable way to assess intelligence, making it an operational definition. Choices A, B, and D describe more abstract concepts of intelligence without specifying how to measure them.

Question 3

Which of the following is a categorical variable?

Accepted Answer

Achievement motivation, scholastic aptitude, and social maturity are all examples of continuous variables, meaning they can take on a wide range of numerical values. National origin, on the other hand, is a categorical variable as it represents distinct categories or groups (e.g. American, Chinese, Nigerian, etc.) that are not numerically comparable.

Question 4

Exhibit 2-2: Examine the following list of research titles, then determine whether the italicized part of each title is an independent variable, a dependent variable, or a variable but impossible to determine whether independent or dependent.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-2.The relationship between social maturity and popularity among peers in high school.

Accepted Answer

The italicized part "popularity among peers in high school" is a variable, but without additional context, it is impossible to determine if it is the independent or dependent variable in the study.

Question 5

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1.The relationship between social class and academic achievement.

Accepted Answer

This study is an ex post facto study as it examines the relationship between two variables (social class and academic achievement) after they have occurred naturally. It does not manipulate any variables, and there is no control group or random assignment.

Question 6

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1.An observational study of drug consumption in a natural setting.

Accepted Answer

This study is qualitative because it involves observing behaviors in a natural setting without manipulating any variables, focusing on understanding drug consumption patterns through observation.

Question 7

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Role and career problems of the Chicago public school teacher.

Accepted Answer

The title suggests a study that likely involves collecting data from teachers about their experiences and perceptions, which aligns with the survey method.

Question 8

The main difference between the experimental and ex post facto methods of research is the

Accepted Answer

The main difference between experimental and ex post facto methods of research is the manipulation of the independent variable. Experimental research involves manipulating the independent variable and measuring the effect on the dependent variable, while ex post facto research involves observing the impact of an independent variable that cannot be manipulated. The time span of study, setting of the research, and statistical design of the study can be similar for both methods.

Question 9

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Effect of parental divorce on the school achievement of children.

Accepted Answer

This title suggests that the researcher is examining the effect of something (parental divorce) that has already happened (ex post facto) on a specific outcome (school achievement). Therefore, this study is classified as an ex post facto research method.

Question 10

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1.The effect of sociometric grouping upon learning in a second grade classroom.

Accepted Answer

The title of the research study suggests that an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sociometric grouping on learning in a second grade classroom. Therefore, the best choice is D, experimental.

Question 11

Exhibit 2-2: Examine the following list of research titles, then determine whether the italicized part of each title is an independent variable, a dependent variable, or a variable but impossible to determine whether independent or dependent.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-2.The effect of the use of instructional technology on college algebra achievement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exhibit 2-2: Examine the following list of...

Question 12

Which one of the following is a continuous variable?

Accepted Answer

Problem-solving ability, scholastic aptitude, and verbal reasoning can all be measured on a continuous scale, where values can range infinitely within given intervals, reflecting varying degrees of ability or aptitude.

Question 13

Study A investigated the effect of intelligence on the speed of completion of a problem-solving task.Study B investigated the effect of an early stimulating environment on the intelligence of children.The variable intelligence is the

Accepted Answer

In Study A, intelligence is the independent variable because it is being studied to see its effect on the speed of task completion. In Study B, intelligence is the dependent variable because it is being measured to see how it is affected by an early stimulating environment.

Question 14

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Walter White and Atlanta NAACP's fight for equal schools 1916-1917.

Accepted Answer

Based on the title, this research study appears to be a historical study that analyzes the actions of Walter White and the Atlanta NAACP during the time period of 1916-1917 in their fight for equal schools.

Question 15

A study investigated the effect of kindergarten experience on the amount of anxiety shown by first graders in the classroom.In this study the dependent variable was

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the variable being measured or tested in an experiment, which in this case is the amount of anxiety shown by first graders in the classroom. Therefore, the answer is A) anxiety.

Question 16

Exhibit 2-2: Examine the following list of research titles, then determine whether the italicized part of each title is an independent variable, a dependent variable, or a variable but impossible to determine whether independent or dependent.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-2.The relationship between teacher expectation and the achievement of students

Accepted Answer

Teacher expectation is considered the independent variable because it is presumed to influence or predict the achievement of students, making the latter the dependent variable.

Question 17

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Origins of the terms "major" and "minor" in American higher education.

Accepted Answer

The title "Origins of the terms "major" and "minor" in American higher education" suggests a historical research method as it is exploring the history and origins of a specific concept.

Question 18

Exhibit 2-2: Examine the following list of research titles, then determine whether the italicized part of each title is an independent variable, a dependent variable, or a variable but impossible to determine whether independent or dependent.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-2.The effect of computer-assisted instruction on the reading achievement of elementary school students.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exhibit 2-2: Examine the following list of...

Question 19

In which one of the following types of studies is classification of variables as absolutely independent or dependent not possible?

Accepted Answer

In correlational research, the variables are not manipulated by the researcher, but rather are simply measured to examine whether they are related to each other. Therefore, it may not be possible to classify variables as absolutely independent or dependent, as the relationships between the variables may be complex and bidirectional.

Question 20

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study.
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Effect of questioning techniques on student's learning.

Accepted Answer

The title suggests that the study aims to test the effect of questioning techniques on student's learning, which implies an experimental research design.

Quiz 2: The Scientific Approach in Education

Which one of the following terms is not a construct?

Which of the following represents an operational definition of intelligence?

Which of the following is a categorical variable?

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study. -Refer to Exhibit 2-1.The relationship between social class and academic achievement.

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study. -Refer to Exhibit 2-1.An observational study of drug consumption in a natural setting.

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study. -Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Role and career problems of the Chicago public school teacher.

The main difference between the experimental and ex post facto methods of research is the

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study. -Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Effect of parental divorce on the school achievement of children.

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study. -Refer to Exhibit 2-1.The effect of sociometric grouping upon learning in a second grade classroom.

Which one of the following is a continuous variable?

Study A investigated the effect of intelligence on the speed of completion of a problem-solving task.Study B investigated the effect of an early stimulating environment on the intelligence of children.The variable intelligence is the

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study. -Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Walter White and Atlanta NAACP's fight for equal schools 1916-1917.

A study investigated the effect of kindergarten experience on the amount of anxiety shown by first graders in the classroom.In this study the dependent variable was

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study. -Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Origins of the terms "major" and "minor" in American higher education.

In which one of the following types of studies is classification of variables as absolutely independent or dependent not possible?

Exhibit 2-1: Based on the title of the following research studies, classify each according to the research method employed in the study. -Refer to Exhibit 2-1.Effect of questioning techniques on student's learning.