Question 1

Size constancy is ______.

Accepted Answer

Size constancy refers to the ability to perceive an object as having a fixed size, despite changes in the size of the visual angle that accompany changes in distance. This allows us to recognize objects as the same size, regardless of how far away they are from us.

Question 2

A stereogram in which the images consist of a randomly arranged set of black and white dots, with the left-eye and right-eye images arranged identically except that some of the dots are moved to the left or the right in one of the images, creating either a crossed or an uncrossed disparity, is known as a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the characteristics of a random-dot stereogram, in which the left and right images are composed of randomly arranged dots that create a depth perception when viewed with crossed or uncrossed disparity. The other options are not a precise match for the described stimuli.

Question 3

When a person is visually fixated on a particular object, items beyond that object will have ______.

Accepted Answer

When a person is visually fixated on a particular object, items beyond that object will have uncrossed disparity, as they will be seen as farther away from the fixation point. Crossed disparity occurs when an object is closer than the fixation point. Vertigo and image enhancement are not related to binocular disparity.

Question 4

Veronica appears to be holding up a needle next to a distant tree, which seems to be the same size as the needle.This example shows the effect of ______.

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the concept of visual angles, where an object (the needle) appears to be the same size as another object (the tree) at a distance because the angle of view of both objects on the retina is the same, despite their actual sizes being vastly different.

Question 5

If object recognition is necessary for matching correspondence, then random-dot stereograms will not result in a 3D perception.However, if correspondence matching occurs before object recognition, then it should be possible for people to extract binocular depth cues from random-dot stereograms.What has research found?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that people can extract binocular depth cues from random-dot stereograms.

Question 6

A Wheatstone stereoscope presents ______.

Accepted Answer

A Wheatstone stereoscope presents different images to each eye. The images are slightly offset from each other, which creates a sense of depth and three-dimensionality.

Question 7

Akil moves a chair from 20 m away to 10 m away, thereby increasing its ______.

Accepted Answer

Visual angle is the angle that is subtended by an object at the eye, and it is inversely proportional to the distance of the object from the eye. As Akil moves the chair closer to himself, the visual angle of the chair increases. Therefore, increasing the visual angle is the best choice that describes the change in the chair's properties. Choice A (size constancy ratio) refers to the ability of the brain to maintain the perceived size of an object despite changes in its distance, which is not affected by the movement of the chair. Choice C (disparity) and Choice D (correspondence ratio) both relate to the process of binocular depth perception and are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 8

In the image below, the higher cow is seen as larger than the lower one.This is an example of which illusion?

Accepted Answer

The Ponzo illusion occurs when an object of equal size appears larger when placed in a converging line. In this image, the converging lines of the fence posts create the illusion that the higher cow is farther away and therefore larger than the lower cow, although they are actually the same size.

Question 9

Where are disparity-tuned cells found in the visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

Disparity-tuned cells are found in both the ventral and dorsal pathways of the visual cortex, as they are involved in processing depth information and stereopsis.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an anaglyph?

Accepted Answer

An anaglyph is created by using two cameras separated by a distance, taking a photo with each camera in a different color channel, and then combining the photos to create a 3D image when viewed with corresponding color filters. Option C is the only option in which two cameras are used and the photos are printed in different color channels for combination.

Question 11

The relation between perceived size and perceived distance, whereby the perceived size of an object depends on its perceived distance, and the perceived distance of an object may depend on its perceived size, is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Size-distance invariance is the concept that our perception of an object's size is affected by its perceived distance and vice versa. This relationship allows us to accurately perceive the size and distance of objects in our environment. The other options, Gelb area, size parallax, and monocular distance principle, are not related to this particular phenomenon.

Question 12

Preferential looking tasks show that infants start becoming sensitive to disparity ______.

Accepted Answer

Infants start becoming sensitive to disparity, which is a cue for depth perception, prior to their first birthday, typically around 4 to 6 months of age.

Question 13

In the photograph below, one of the important cues for depth perception is ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the photograph below, one of the...

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of size constancy?

Accepted Answer

Size constancy is the ability to perceive objects as having a consistent size despite changes in distance or other contextual factors. In this scenario, even though Yuna appears small on the horizon, Jake knows she is about 5'8" tall, demonstrating size constancy. Choices B, C, and D do not demonstrate size constancy.

Question 15

In the Ponzo illusion, which two monocular depth cues are considered important?

Accepted Answer

The Ponzo illusion relies on familiar size and linear perspective to create the effect of differing sizes, even though the objects are the same size. These cues suggest depth, making one object appear further away and therefore perceived as larger.

Question 16

Santiago caught 50% of the tennis balls thrown to him with one eye blindfolded.When the blindfold was removed, he caught 95% of the balls.What does this example show?

Accepted Answer

The example shows that when Santiago had both eyes available, he caught a higher percentage of the tennis balls. This suggests that stereopsis, which requires input from both eyes to perceive depth, is relevant to catching balls. Option A and B are not relevant to the example given, and Option D is not a primary cue for perceiving depth in this context.

Question 17

Hofeldt and Hoefle (1993) compared professional baseball players in the highest professional league (the major leagues) with professional baseball players who had not made the highest professional league (the minor leagues).They found that ______.

Accepted Answer

The study found that major league players were more accurate at a stereoscopic task than minor league players.

Question 18

In the Ames room, we look through the viewing hole, we cannot distinguish the trapezoids, and we use our cues of familiar sizes and shapes to infer a normal room.Our visual systems convert the trapezoids into squares, so that we can perceive the room itself as normal.This results in ______.

Accepted Answer

The Ames room is known for inducing a breakdown in size constancy, as our visual system is tricked into perceiving trapezoids as squares, leading to a distorted perception of the size and shape of objects within the room.

Question 19

You see a poodle and an elephant in the distance.They appear to be the same size.Considering this, which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

The visual angle is a measure of the size an object appears to the observer, and it depends on both the actual size of the object and its distance from the observer. If the poodle and the elephant appear to be the same size from the observer's viewpoint, it means they have the same visual angle, despite their actual sizes being different. This is because the poodle is much closer to the observer than the elephant, making its visual angle increase to match that of the much larger, but farther away, elephant.

Question 20

In a 3D movie, if a filmmaker wants an image to come out of the screen toward the viewer, the filmmaker will create ______.

Accepted Answer

Crossed disparity is when the images seen by the left and right eye converge at a point closer than the screen. This creates a pop-out effect and the impression that the object is coming out of the screen towards the viewer. Therefore, if a filmmaker wants an image to come out of the screen, they would create a scene with crossed disparity.

Quiz 7: Depth and Size Perception