Question 1

All of the following have been identified with the "military revolution" in the century after 1560 EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The increased use of militias and volunteer soldiers was not a significant aspect of the military revolution, as it was already a common practice in warfare prior to the 16th century. The other choices, however, represent important developments in military technology, tactics, and organization that influenced warfare during and after the military revolution.

Question 2

Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, developed the first standing army of conscripts, an army notable for its flexible tactics.

Accepted Answer

Gustavus Adolphus is known for creating the first standing army of conscripts, and he emphasized flexibility in tactics to defeat larger, more heavily armed opponents.

Question 3

Following the Thirty Years' War, what country became dominant in Europe?

Accepted Answer

France became dominant in Europe following the Thirty Years' War. The war weakened and exhausted other major European powers such as Spain and Germany, while France emerged as the most powerful and prosperous country on the continent. This dominance would continue throughout the 17th and 18th centuries.

Question 4

As a result of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648

Accepted Answer

The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 granted German states the right to determine their own religion, leading to a period of religious tolerance and diversity in the region. This principle of state sovereignty and autonomy was a major result of the treaty.

Question 5

The French royal court of Versailles was located just outside the city of Marseilles.

Accepted Answer

The French royal court of Versailles was actually located about 20 kilometers southwest of Paris, not Marseille.

Question 6

Imperial general Albrect von Wallenstein

Accepted Answer

Albrect von Wallenstein was assassinated on the orders of Emperor Ferdinand II in 1634. The emperor feared that Wallenstein, a powerful military leader with significant political influence, was becoming too ambitious and might plot against him. The assassination occurred during the Thirty Years' War, a large-scale conflict that involved many European powers and had already caused significant devastation in Germany.

Question 7

Population during the seventeenth century

Accepted Answer

While food production increased somewhat during the seventeenth century, population growth was still largely affected by famines and plagues. Epidemic disease did not decrease significantly during this time, and while some people emigrated to colonies overseas, it was not enough to cause a sharp decrease in population throughout Europe. The population did not mark its first major recovery since the Black Death until the eighteenth century.

Question 8

The witchcraft craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Accepted Answer

The witchcraft craze primarily targeted old, single women, who were often seen as outsiders and therefore more likely to be accused of witchcraft.

Question 9

The witchcraft hysteria primarily targeted young, married women.

Accepted Answer

The witchcraft hysteria primarily targeted older, often widowed women who were living on the margins of society, rather than young, married women.

Question 10

Most of the fighting during the Thirty Years' War took place in

Accepted Answer

The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in the Germanic lands of Europe, involving various states and kingdoms within the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 11

Gustavus Adolphus, who led the Lutheran armies in the Thirty Years' War until he was killed at Lützen, was king of

Accepted Answer

Gustavus Adolphus was the King of Sweden, not any of the other options mentioned.

Question 12

The witchcraft hysteria began to subside by the mid-seventeenth century for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The passage of laws recognizing the equality of women in European society does not appear to be a significant factor in the decline of witchcraft hysteria. The other options, such as a tempering of religious passions and a questioning of traditional attitudes toward religion, suggest a shift in cultural attitudes and societal changes that may have contributed to the decline of witch hunts.

Question 13

Influenced by his experiences in Western Europe, upon his return to Russia, Peter the Great ordered that the serfs be emancipated and freed from their boyar lords.

Accepted Answer

Peter the Great did not order the emancipation of serfs upon his return to Russia. In fact, he continued to strengthen the institution of serfdom during his reign.

Question 14

Cardinal Richelieu understood that, in Louis XIV's France, the most important roadblock to building a strong monarchy was

Accepted Answer

Cardinal Richelieu understood that the resistance by the great nobles was the most important roadblock to building a strong monarchy in Louis XIV's France. The nobles possessed a significant amount of power and were resistant to the centralization of power under the monarchy. Richelieu worked to weaken the influence of the nobles and consolidate power under the monarchy.

Question 15

The Austrian monarchy never became a highly centralized, absolutist state, in part because it included too many different national groups.

Accepted Answer

The Austrian monarchy was composed of different national groups, such as Germans, Czechs, Hungarians, Poles, etc. This diversity made it difficult to create a centralized, absolutist state because it required balancing the interests and demands of different groups. As a result, Austria became a multiethnic state with a complex system of government and administration.

Question 16

As a result of the Glorious Revolution, by the beginning of the eighteenth century, Parliament possessed supreme political authority in Britain and the monarch had become merely a figurehead.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a result of the Glorious Revolution,...

Question 17

During the seventeenth century the population of Europe increased dramatically, except in England, the Dutch Republic, and France.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. The population of England, the Dutch Republic, and France also increased during the seventeenth century.

Question 18

Jean-Baptiste Racine is considered the greatest writer of satirical comedies at the court of Louis XIV.

Accepted Answer

Jean-Baptiste Racine is actually considered the greatest writer of tragic dramas at the court of Louis XIV. Molière is considered the greatest writer of satirical comedies at the same court.

Question 19

The Thirty Years' War has often been called the "last of the religious wars."

Accepted Answer

The Thirty Years' War was primarily fought between Protestants and Catholics and was fueled by religious tensions, but it also had political and territorial motivations. It is considered the last major conflict in Europe that was largely driven by religious differences.

Question 20

Louis XIV advertised himself as the Sun King.

Accepted Answer

Louis XIV is known for his promotion of the image of himself as the Sun King, emphasizing his power and centrality to French society.

Quiz 15: State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century