Question 1

Klemens von Metternich

Accepted Answer

Klemens von Metternich was a proponent of conservatism and believed that stability was necessary for Europe to prosper. He believed that European monarchs shared a common interest in maintaining stability and that any threats to one monarchy's stability would have a domino effect on the rest of Europe. Therefore, he worked towards maintaining the status quo and suppressing revolutionary ideologies. He did not support a free press as he believed it would lead to the spread of subversive ideas.

Question 2

Because of the increased employment opportunities resulting from the Industrial Revolution, the early nineteenth century experienced a significant decrease in crime, especially crimes against property.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. The early nineteenth century actually saw an increase in crime, particularly crimes against property, due in part to the rapid urbanization and overcrowding of cities.

Question 3

Giuseppe Garibaldi founded the organization Young Italy.

Accepted Answer

Giuseppe Mazzini founded the organization Young Italy, not Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Question 4

In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Edmund Burke

Accepted Answer

Edmund Burke strongly condemned the radical republican and democratic ideas of the French Revolution in his Reflections on the Revolution in France. He argued that the revolution was causing chaos, bloodshed, and destruction of traditional institutions and values without offering any viable alternative. Burke believed in the importance of gradual and organic change, rooted in the wisdom of the past, rather than sudden and violent upheavals that could lead to anarchy and tyranny.

Question 5

At its most elementary Burkean level, conservatism

Accepted Answer

At its most elementary Burkean level, conservatism sought to preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare. This idea is based on the belief that tradition and communal values should be upheld, which sometimes requires sacrificing individual liberties for the greater good of society.

Question 6

All nineteenth-century conservatives, from Edmund Burke to Joseph de Maistre, opposed any change whatsoever in the traditional political and social structures of society, and argued that a hereditary monarchy must be maintained at all costs.

Accepted Answer

While nineteenth-century conservatives like Edmund Burke and Joseph de Maistre emphasized the importance of tradition and social hierarchy, they were not uniformly against any change whatsoever. Burke, for example, accepted the need for reform in order to preserve society's underlying structures. Their conservatism was more about cautious, gradual change than absolute opposition to change.

Question 7

The Congress of Vienna's treatment of Poland

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Congress of Vienna's treatment of Poland
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Question 8

​Thomas Malthus advocated government intervention to ease the plight of the poor.

Accepted Answer

Thomas Malthus believed in the principle of laissez-faire, or minimal government intervention in economic matters, and argued against government attempts to alleviate poverty.

Question 9

The initially successful Revolutions of 1848 ultimately failed because the revolutionaries were divided by political aims and nationalistic aspirations.

Accepted Answer

The Revolutions of 1848 started with widespread popular uprisings against conservative monarchies and ended in failure due to the lack of unity among the revolutionaries, who differed in their political and nationalistic goals.

Question 10

Britain's New Poor Law of 1834 established workhouses for the unemployed where the living conditions were designed to be intentionally miserable and cruel so that people would be encouraged to leave the workhouse and find employment.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The workhouses were designed to be deliberately harsh and unpleasant as a deterrent to idleness and to discourage people from relying on them as a source of relief.

Question 11

The Monroe Doctrine, promulgated by the United States, asked for European intervention in Latin America to prevent the revolutionary impulse from spreading northward.

Accepted Answer

The Monroe Doctrine, promulgated by the United States, declared that any intervention by European powers in Latin America would be considered a hostile act towards the United States, but did not ask for European intervention to prevent revolutionary impulses from spreading northward.

Question 12

Metternich's "principle of legitimacy" refers to

Accepted Answer

Metternich's "principle of legitimacy" refers to the restoration of legitimate monarchs who would preserve traditional institutions. It was part of the conservative reaction to the revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, and aimed to restore stability and order to Europe by reinstating traditional ruling families and institutions.

Question 13

The leader of the Congress of Vienna was

Accepted Answer

Klemens von Metternich was the leader of the Congress of Vienna. He was the Austrian foreign minister and played a major role in shaping the outcome of the congress, which aimed to restore balance and stability to Europe after the upheavals of the Napoleonic Wars.

Question 14

Johann Wolfgang von Werther's The Sorrows of Young Werther served as an important model for Romantic writers.

Accepted Answer

The Sorrows of Young Werther, a novel published in 1774 by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, is widely regarded as a cornerstone of the Romantic movement in literature. The book's emphasis on emotion, individualism, and the power of nature made it a significant influence on many Romantic writers who followed.

Question 15

​The Congress of Vienna placed much of Italy under Austrian domination.

Accepted Answer

The Congress of Vienna (1815) established Austrian dominance over much of Italy, including Lombardy, Venetia, Modena, Tuscany, and Parma. However, some regions of Italy remained under the control of other European powers such as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (controlled by the Bourbons) and the Papal States.

Question 16

The man long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America is

Accepted Answer

Simón Bolívar is often called the George Washington of Latin America for his role in leading the fight for independence in several South American countries, including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. José de San Martín was also a significant figure in the Latin American independence movement, but Bolívar is more commonly associated with the Washington comparison. Guillermo Pelgrón and Simón Carreño are not historical figures of note, and while Pancho Villa played a role in the Mexican Revolution, he is not typically compared to George Washington.

Question 17

Romanticism as an ideology and a mood embraced emotionality but avoided individualism, emphasizing notions of collectivity instead.

Accepted Answer

Romanticism as an ideology and a mood emphasized individualism over collectivity, embracing the unique experiences and emotions of the individual.

Question 18

The Congress of Vienna

Accepted Answer

The Congress of Vienna was a meeting of European powers after the defeat of Napoleon, with the goal of reshaping the continent's political order. One of the key objectives was to establish a balance of power and prevent any one country from dominating the others. This was achieved through a variety of measures, including the establishment of a number of new states and the redrawing of borders to ensure that no one country was too powerful. While the Congress did not prevent all future conflicts in Europe, it did set the stage for a more stable continent for many years to come.

Question 19

Napoleon's escape from exile and return to France delayed the negotiations of the Congress of Vienna and resulted in the Congress's decision to return France's borders to those of 1790.

Accepted Answer

Napoleon's escape from exile and return to France did delay the negotiations of the Congress of Vienna, and it played a significant role in the Congress's decision to return France's borders to those of 1790 in order to contain French power and prevent any further aggression from Napoleon or his supporters.

Question 20

Early socialism embraced the belief that the competition bred by early industrial capitalism would dramatically improve society and create a new model of progress.

Accepted Answer

Early socialism rejected the belief that competition in capitalism would improve society, and instead criticized it as exploitative and fostering inequality. The early socialists believed in creating a cooperative, planned economy that prioritized the needs of the community over individual profit.

Quiz 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850