Question 1

The mother can feel her baby move in her uterus; that is, ______________ can be felt early in pregnancy, as early as 14 weeks.

Accepted Answer

Quickening refers to the first time a pregnant woman can feel her baby moving in her uterus, and it can typically be felt around 14-20 weeks gestation. Lanugo and vernix are both substances that cover the baby's skin during development and are not related to fetal movement. "Butterflies" is a colloquial term for the fluttering sensation that some women feel when their baby first starts to move, but it is not a medical term.

Question 2

Mary's baby was born with distinctive facial features, short stature, and intellectual disabilities that were entirely preventable. The baby most likely has

Accepted Answer

The distinctive facial features, short stature, and intellectual disabilities are all common symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome. This condition occurs when a mother consumes alcohol during her pregnancy, which can cause physical and developmental problems for the baby. Down syndrome is also associated with intellectual disabilities, but it is characterized by different physical features and is not caused by alcohol consumption. Second-hand smoke exposure and cocaine addiction may have negative effects on fetal development, but they do not typically lead to the specific symptoms described in this scenario.

Question 3

A ____________________ is a substance that introduces risk to the developing organism during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects or developmental abnormalities in a developing fetus during pregnancy. Examples of teratogens include alcohol, tobacco, certain medications, and infectious diseases such as rubella.

Question 4

The ________________________ pattern of physical growth proceeds from the center of the body through the appendages.

Accepted Answer

The proximodistal pattern of physical growth refers to the way in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves towards the extremities.

Question 5

One of the first senses the baby develops is

Accepted Answer

Hearing is the sense that develops first in babies, as their ears begin to function around 20 weeks after conception. They can hear sounds such as their mother's heartbeat and voice while still in the womb. The development of other senses such as vision, taste, and smell mostly occur after birth.

Question 6

How much alcohol exposure is associated with significant risk for fetal alcohol syndrome

Accepted Answer

There is no established safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The risk for fetal alcohol syndrome is uncertain and dependent on factors such as timing, frequency, and amount of alcohol exposure, as well as individual differences in metabolism and genetic susceptibility. Therefore, it is recommended that pregnant women avoid alcohol entirely.

Question 7

.
 Explain the differences in critical and sensitive periods and include the concept of plasticity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of .
 Explain the differences in critical and...

Question 8

Prior to the twentieth week of pregnancy, the unexpected death and delivery of the embryo or fetus is known as:

Accepted Answer

The unexpected death and delivery of an embryo or fetus prior to the twentieth week of pregnancy is known as a miscarriage. Developmental arrest refers to a stoppage in the growth and development of an organism, while blastocyst refers to an early stage of embryonic development. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) refers to the sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, typically between the ages of 1 and 6 months.

Question 9

A ____________ period is an interval of heightened plasticity, when environmental influences are most efficient at affecting an organism's development.

Accepted Answer

A sensitive period is a time when environmental experiences have the greatest effect on development. This is different from a critical period, which is a specific time when an organism must receive certain types of stimulation in order to develop normally. Malleability refers to the degree to which development can be influenced by environmental experiences, and teratogenic refers to substances or agents that can cause birth defects.

Question 10

The fetal period is a distinct period of prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

The fetal period is a distinct period of prenatal development that lasts from the ninth week of pregnancy until birth. During this period, the organs and structures that formed during the embryonic period continue to grow and mature, and the fetus undergoes significant physical and behavioral changes.

Question 11

A _____________ period is a finite window of opportunity for development, outside of which environmental influences are said to have no effect.

Accepted Answer

A critical period is a specific time period during development where specific skills or abilities must be acquired, and if not acquired, they may never be fully developed. The environmental influences during this time have a significant effect on the development of the child. Therefore, critical period is the best choice.

Question 12

Which technique uses sound waves to check on the developing baby

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the developing baby in the uterus, allowing for visualization of the baby's growth and development. It is a non-invasive procedure and is typically performed during routine prenatal care.

Question 13

The only way to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome is to ___________________ during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Abstaining from drinking alcohol during pregnancy is the only way to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome. Any amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy can be harmful to the developing fetus. Drinking alcohol in moderation, asking the doctor before drinking, or drinking alcohol made specifically for consumption still puts the fetus at risk for fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 14

Two factors that determine the extent of risk a teratogen represents to a developing organism are

Accepted Answer

The timing and dosage of exposure to a teratogen are considered the two main factors that determine the extent of risk to a developing organism. The timing of exposure is important because different organs and systems develop at different times during gestation, and each has a critical period during which it is especially vulnerable to damage. The dosage of exposure is also important because the amount of a teratogen that enters the bloodstream can affect the severity of its effects on the developing organism.

Question 15

Kristen's pregnancy has been complicated with placenta previa, a pregnancy risk commonly associated with:

Accepted Answer

Placenta previa is commonly associated with smoking during pregnancy. It occurs when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, which can lead to serious complications during delivery. Smoking during pregnancy can increase the risk of this condition, as well as other pregnancy complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, and miscarriage.

Question 16

By the 8th week, when the woman usually realizes she is pregnant, all the baby's essential organs are in place, including heart, brain, nose, lips, ears, and limbs, and the baby is responsive to touch.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. By the 8th week of pregnancy, the baby's major organs and limbs have formed and are functioning, and the baby can respond to touch.

Question 17

By the time a woman realizes she has missed her period, most of the baby's major organs are in place and the brain has developed into five components.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. By the time a woman misses her period, which is often the first sign of pregnancy, the baby's major organs have already formed and the brain has developed into five distinct components. However, it is still important for pregnant women to receive prenatal care throughout their pregnancy to monitor the baby's development and ensure a healthy pregnancy.

Question 18

The _____________________ pattern of physical growth proceeds from the head down through the long axis of the body.

Accepted Answer

The cephalocaudal pattern of physical growth describes the direction in which growth proceeds, from the head down through the long axis of the body. This means that parts of the body closer to the head, such as the arms and upper body, develop faster than parts of the body closer to the feet, such as the legs. The proximodistal pattern, on the other hand, refers to growth that occurs from the center of the body outward, such as the development of the torso before the limbs. The umbilical pattern and fetal pattern are not valid terms for describing patterns of physical growth.

Question 19

The age of viability refers to the maturation point marked by the

Accepted Answer

The age of viability marks the point in fetal development where it is possible for the baby to survive outside of the womb with intensive medical care. This typically occurs around 24 weeks gestation, when the baby's organs are developed enough to function on their own. While heart development and brain development are important milestones in fetal development, they do not indicate the ability to survive outside of the womb. Breathing on their own is also not a reliable indicator of viability, as many premature babies require respiratory support even after viability is reached.

Question 20

One of the most common, yet preventable, birth syndromes is an outcome of fetal exposure to

Accepted Answer

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a preventable birth syndrome that occurs when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol. The alcohol travels through the placenta to the fetus and can cause permanent damage to the developing brain and organs, leading to physical and mental disabilities in the child. It is recommended that pregnant women should avoid alcohol to prevent FAS.

Quiz 2: Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development and Birth