Question 1

More recent research has challenged the position that left-handers were more susceptible to developmental delays and immune deficiencies than right-handers.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has challenged the belief that left-handers are more susceptible to developmental delays and immune deficiencies than right-handers.

Question 2

Sally and James are both 4 years old, and each is well-coordinated. From this, neurologically, we can surmise that the _________________ of the neurons that link the cerebral cortex to the ___________ has progressed normatively.

Accepted Answer

Myelination is the process of forming a sheath around the axons of neurons, which helps with the transmission of signals. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance, and the cerebral cortex is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as perception, thought, and language. The question states that both Sally and James are well-coordinated, which suggests that their myelination of the neurons linking the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum has progressed normatively. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 3

Between the ages of 2 and 6, the average child in the United States gains about 6 pounds and 2 to 3 inches per year.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the average child in the United States gains about 6 pounds and grows 2 to 3 inches each year between the ages of 2 and 6.

Question 4

________________ is responsible for the establishment of increasingly complex connections among neurons.

Accepted Answer

Dendritic growth is responsible for the establishment of increasingly complex connections among neurons. Dendrites are the branching extensions of neurons that receive incoming signals from other neurons, and as they grow and develop, they form new connections and strengthen existing ones. Myelination (A) is the process by which axons are insulated with a fatty material to increase the speed of neural transmissions. Vascular growth (C) refers to the growth of blood vessels and is not directly involved in the growth of neural connections. Axonal connections (D) refer to the connections between axons and other neurons or target cells, rather than dendritic growth.

Question 5

One result of myelination is _______________________.

Accepted Answer

Myelination results in an acceleration of neural transmission by increasing the speed of action potential conduction along axons.

Question 6

By the beginning of early childhood, ________________ is taking place more slowly than it did during infancy.

Accepted Answer

During early childhood, synaptic pruning is taking place more slowly than it did during infancy. Myelination, redistribution, and neural elimination are not necessarily slowed down during this phase of development.

Question 7

Your friend Diane is looking at a growth chart for height at the doctor's office, you explain that the steeper line depicts a child who is gaining inches more rapidly than the average child.

Accepted Answer

A steeper line on a growth chart indicates a child who is growing more rapidly than the average child. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 8

Between ages 2 and 6,, the brain gains ___________ percent of its adult weight.

Accepted Answer

Between ages 2 and 6, the brain gains 20 to 25 percent of its adult weight, reflecting the rapid development of neural connections during this period.

Question 9

According to your text, the percentage of left-handed people is consistently about ____ across cultures

Accepted Answer

The text states that "The percentage of left-handed people is consistently about 10 percent across cultures."

Question 10

Your professor, a developmentalist, explained that it is normative for _______________ a dominant role in language.

Accepted Answer

It is normative for the left hemisphere to play a dominant role in language. This is because language is predominantly processed in the left hemisphere in most individuals, especially for tasks such as speech production and comprehension. However, the right hemisphere can also contribute to language processing, particularly for tasks such as understanding figurative language and recognizing emotions conveyed through speech.

Question 11

With respect to average development, after the weight gain that takes place during infancy, young children tend to gain weight more rapidly from ages 2 through 6.

Accepted Answer

During the ages of 2 through 6, children continue to grow and gain weight, but at a slower pace compared to the rapid growth experienced during infancy.

Question 12

In the physical domain, the _________ hemisphere controls the left side of the body while the ____________ hemisphere, controls the right side of the body.

Accepted Answer

The brain's right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body. This is due to the way the neural pathways cross over in the body.

Question 13

Most of the world's population appears to be right-handed.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that approximately 90% of the world's population is right-handed.

Question 14

The process through which cartilage turns into bone is known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

The process through which cartilage turns into bone is known as ossification. Amplification refers to the increase or multiplication of something, while augmentation refers to the act of making something greater in size or value. Calcification is the deposition of calcium salts in tissues, which can result in hardening of tissues, but it is not the same as the process of cartilage turning into bone.

Question 15

One of the results of lateralization manifests as ________________.

Accepted Answer

Hand preference is a common manifestation of lateralization, where individuals tend to favor one hand (either left or right) for complex tasks such as writing or drawing. This is due to the fact that the left side of the brain controls movements and sensation on the right side of the body, while the right side of the brain controls movements and sensation on the left side of the body. As a result, most individuals have a preference for using the right hand, which is controlled by the left hemisphere of the brain.

Question 16

Bill prefers using his left hand while his brother Bob uses his right. Bill's brain functioning is more likely to be influence by ________________.

Accepted Answer

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for controlling movements on the right side of the body, and vice versa. Since Bill prefers using his left hand, it suggests that his brain is more influenced by the left hemisphere.

Question 17

__________________ is the process by which the right and left hemispheres of the brain take on specific functions.

Accepted Answer

Lateralization is the process by which the right and left hemispheres of the brain take on specific functions. This means that certain cognitive processes and skills are typically attributed to one hemisphere or the other. For example, language is often associated with the left hemisphere, while spatial processing is often associated with the right hemisphere.

Question 18

Decreased myelination allows neurons to communicate at a more rapid pace.

Accepted Answer

Myelination is the process by which axons are coated with a fatty substance called myelin, which acts as an insulator and speeds up neural communication. Therefore, decreased myelination would result in slower communication, not faster.

Question 19

Tomas is a three-year-old boy living in an older apartment where the paint is peeling from the walls. His parents have just finished repainting his bedroom and are in the process of repainting the other rooms as they worry if Tomas was to put the peeling paint into his mouth, this could result in ______________.

Accepted Answer

Peeling paint in older homes may contain lead, which can be toxic if ingested, especially for young children like Tomas. Lead poisoning can cause developmental delays, behavioral problems, and potentially irreversible brain damage. Therefore, repainting to remove the peeling paint is essential for Tomas's health and safety. A and B are not relevant in this context, and D is less likely to be present in paint.

Question 20

Ossification occurs during which periods of development?

Accepted Answer

Ossification, the process of bone formation, starts in infancy and continues through adolescence, during which the body grows and bones lengthen and harden.

Quiz 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood:two to Six Years