Question 1

One's own understanding of one's own memory process is called:

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to an individual's awareness and understanding of their own memory processes, including their strengths and weaknesses, strategies for retaining and retrieving information, and how to monitor and control their own memory.

Question 2

What is one significant criticism of intelligence research?

Accepted Answer

One significant criticism of intelligence research is that it fails to look at culture. Intelligence tests are developed based on Western cultural values and may not accurately measure intelligence in individuals from non-Western cultures or backgrounds. This can result in biased assessments and inaccurate conclusions about an individual's intelligence.

Question 3

__________ is an abstract, verbal, mathematical, and logical type of thinking.

Accepted Answer

Analytical intelligence is the type of intelligence that involves abstract, verbal, mathematical, and logical thinking. This type of intelligence is associated with problem-solving, decision making, and critical thinking. Practical intelligence, on the other hand, relates to everyday tasks and common sense, while creative intelligence involves generating new ideas and solutions. Triarchic intelligence theory proposes that intelligence is comprised of three aspects: analytical, practical, and creative intelligence.

Question 4

A disorder characterized by significantly below-average intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive functioning is called an:

Accepted Answer

An intellectual disability, also known as intellectual developmental disorder or previously known as mental retardation, is characterized by significantly below-average intellectual functioning and impaired adaptive functioning. It can affect a person's communication, social skills, self-care, and academic abilities. It is diagnosed when an individual's IQ is below 70-75 and is accompanied by functional limitations in at least two areas of adaptive behavior.

Question 5

Metacognition helps us define and assess intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Metacognition, which involves thinking about one's own thinking processes, helps in understanding, controlling, and manipulating one's cognitive processes. This self-awareness and regulation are crucial for defining and assessing intelligence, as they enable individuals to adapt and strategize their learning and problem-solving methods effectively.

Question 6

In regards to memory formation, information travels through ____________; then _________; then _________, respectively

Accepted Answer

The information is first processed in sensory memory, then moves to working memory for brief storage and manipulation, and eventually enters long-term memory for more permanent storage. Choice A correctly lists these three stages in the correct order. Choice B incorrectly lists short-term memory instead of sensory memory as the first stage. Choice C incorrectly lists long-term memory before short-term memory. Choice D incorrectly lists short-term memory before long-term memory and omits sensory memory altogether.

Question 7

Analytical, practical, and creative are all part of the:

Accepted Answer

The triarchic theory of intelligence, proposed by Robert Sternberg, includes three aspects of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. The theory of multiple intelligence (option A) proposes that intelligence should be viewed as comprising different modalities, such as musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence, among others. The theory of intelligence (option B) refers to the general concept of intelligence, with different scholars proposing different definitions and approaches. The Stanford-Binet theory of intelligence (option D) is a specific test to measure intelligence, which is based on a standardized set of tasks and norms.

Question 8

As in all languages, in the English language there are rules; different from other languages, there are many exceptions to the rules in the English language.

Accepted Answer

The English language has many rules that need to be followed. However, there are also many exceptions to these rules, making it a challenging language to learn and master.

Question 9

Howard Gardner posited _____ intelligences in his theory of multiple intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner posited eight intelligences in his theory of multiple intelligence. These include linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence.

Question 10

Psychometric theories of intelligence posit the existence of a general intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Psychometric theories, such as the Spearman's two-factor theory, propose that intelligence is a single factor or general ability that underlies various cognitive tasks. This general intelligence factor is also known as the g-factor.

Question 11

Julia took an IQ test. Her results showed that she received a 130. Based on her IQ, Julia is:

Accepted Answer

An IQ score of 130 falls within the top 2% of the population, which is considered as gifted or highly advanced. Therefore, Julia's IQ indicates that she has a high level of cognitive functioning and intellectual potential.

Question 12

Learning to read in English as a second language is one of the most difficult tasks for school-aged children.

Accepted Answer

Learning to read in a second language is often challenging as it requires not only developing literacy skills but also learning a new language simultaneously. This can be particularly difficult for school-aged children, who may already be juggling multiple academic and social demands.

Question 13

There are many different definitions of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Different fields and theories have defined intelligence in different ways, including cognitive abilities, problem-solving skills, emotional intelligence, social skills, and more.

Question 14

Metamemory involves ______ key functions.

Accepted Answer

Metamemory involves four key functions: monitoring, self-evaluation, self-regulation, and for well-informed inferences.

Question 15

Metamemory improvements underlie improvements in _____________ memory:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Metamemory improvements underlie improvements in _____________ memory:
...

Question 16

__________ supervises all the processes that are fundamental to cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Executive function includes processes such as working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility, which are all essential for cognitive development. Metamemory (A) refers to knowledge and beliefs about one's own memory abilities, and maintenance rehearsal (C) is a memory strategy, neither of which supervise cognitive development. Metacognition (D) involves thinking about one's own thinking and learning processes, which is related to but not the same as cognitive development.

Question 17

Johnny scored a 100 on the Stanford-Binet IQ test. Based on his scores, we can assume that his performance is:

Accepted Answer

The Stanford-Binet IQ test is designed so that the average score is 100, which means a score of 100 is what is expected for a person's age.

Question 18

Allan has the lead in his class's Thanksgiving Day play. When he gets his lines, he says them again and again to try and remember them. Based on this scenario, Allan is:

Accepted Answer

Allan is using maintenance rehearsal, which is the process of repeating information over and over again in order to remember it. This is a type of short-term memory strategy that can be effective for memorizing lines, but may not result in long-term retention of the information.

Question 19

A score calculated from results on an intelligence test is known as a person's:

Accepted Answer

A score calculated from an intelligence test is known as a person's intelligence quotient (IQ). This term was first coined by psychologist William Stern, who developed the formula of dividing a person's mental age by their chronological age and then multiplying the result by 100. This formula is still used today, although intelligence tests have evolved over time. Choices A, B, and D are not commonly used terms associated with intelligence tests.

Question 20

The information-processing approach focuses on describing changes necessary for success:

Accepted Answer

The information-processing approach focuses on how individuals process and manipulate information, which can apply to both academic tasks such as school and non-academic tasks such as games and sports. Therefore, the correct answer is C, both a and b.

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood: Six to Eleven Years Old