Question 1

Knowing what we now know from the theory of reasoned action,LaPiere's (1934)study of attitudes towards Chinese was

Accepted Answer

The theory of reasoned action suggests that attitudes predict behavioural intentions, which in turn predict actual behaviour. LaPiere's study showed that despite many people expressing negative attitudes towards Chinese individuals, they still behaved positively towards them in real-life interactions. This demonstrates the limitations of using a general measure of attitude to predict a specific behaviour.

Question 2

Kerry likes driving cars very fast.According to protection motivation theory,whether he decides to slow down depends on

Accepted Answer

Protection motivation theory suggests that a person's decision to take or avoid a protective action (in this case, slowing down while driving) depends on their perception of the threat, their willingness to take action, and their perceived efficacy in doing so. In this case, Kerry's decision to slow down while driving fast would depend on his perception of the risk of an accident (i.e., does he think it's likely to happen and how severe might the consequences be), as well as his willingness to slow down (i.e., how much does he value the potential benefits of going fast versus the potential risks) and his perceived ability to slow down (i.e., does he think he can actually slow down and still enjoy driving). Factors like legislation, companions, and the type of car he's driving may influence his decision indirectly, but they are not directly related to the key components of protection motivation theory.

Question 3

In the theory of reasoned action,a person's behaviour is best predicted by

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of reasoned action, people's behavior is best predicted by their intentions to act. This theory suggests that a person's attitudes, subjective norms (perceived social pressures to perform or not perform the behavior), and perceived behavioral control (perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior) all influence behavioral intentions, which in turn are the best predictor of behavior.

Question 4

Ian is a loyal fan of an Olympic champion who is also called Ian.Although he is small,Ian joins the school's swimming squad,determined to become another big 'Ian' in swimming history.According to the theory of planned behaviour,a crucial element in predicting success from Ian's new sporting attitude will be

Accepted Answer

The theory of planned behaviour states that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control influence individuals' intention to perform a behaviour, which in turn predicts actual behaviour. In this case, Ian's belief that he can carry out his training schedule is a crucial component of his perceived behavioural control, which will influence his intention to become a successful swimmer and ultimately predict his success in the sport. While visual imagery and avoiding comparisons with peers can also be helpful, they do not have as direct of an impact on Ian's ability to carry out his training schedule and therefore his perceived behavioural control.

Question 5

The correspondence between attitudes and behaviour varies according to

Accepted Answer

The correspondence between attitudes and behaviour can vary based on multiple factors including the strength of a person's identification with a group, the accessibility of the attitude, and where the attitude is expressed (at home versus in public). Therefore, all of the options provided in A, B, and C can contribute to the variability in the consistency between attitudes and behavior.

Question 6

Behaviour is to attitude as ________ is (are)to ________.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is an action that stems from the attitude of prejudice, similar to how behavior is an outward expression of an attitude.

Question 7

Karen is determined to do really well in her exams.So,to be 'sensible' she gets on a program to moderate her social life.However,cutting down on attending parties is easier to do than minimising visits by friends who 'just drop in'.Knowing that she can at least control one aspect of her program is a feature of the theory of

Accepted Answer

Planned behaviour theory focuses on the idea that behavior is influenced by a person's attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Karen's actions of moderating her social life and minimizing visits by friends suggest that she is trying to exercise control over her behavior, which aligns with the principles of planned behavior theory. The other options (self-evaluation maintenance, reasoned action, cognitive dissonance) do not fully explain Karen's actions in this scenario.

Question 8

In a classic study of predicting discriminatory behaviour based on prejudiced attitudes,LaPiere (1934)found that

Accepted Answer

LaPiere's study is notable for finding that although there was a generalized prejudice towards Chinese people at the time, this did not translate into discriminatory behavior against LaPiere's Chinese travel companions, who were treated well during their travels. This highlighted a discrepancy between attitudes and actual behavior.

Question 9

According to Fishbein (1971),in order to be able to predict a person's behaviour it is crucial to measure

Accepted Answer

According to Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action, behaviour is determined by a person's intention, which is influenced by their attitude toward the behaviour and subjective norms (perceptions of social pressure from important others to perform or not perform the behaviour). Attitude is determined by the individual's beliefs about the behaviour and their evaluations of those beliefs. Therefore, to predict a person's behaviour, it is crucial to measure the strength and value of related beliefs.

Question 10

Azjen and Fishbein believed that behaviour could be better predicted if the measures of attitudes are

Accepted Answer

Azjen and Fishbein's theory of reasoned action suggests that behaviour can be better predicted if the measures of attitudes are specific to the behaviour in question. For example, if we want to predict whether someone will recycle, it would be more useful to measure their attitude specifically towards recycling rather than their general attitude towards the environment.

Question 11

According to Floyd,Prentice-Dunn & Rogers (2000),what do protection motivation theory,the theory of planned behaviour,and the theory of reasoned action have in common?

Accepted Answer

Protection motivation theory, the theory of planned behavior, and the theory of reasoned action all emphasize the importance of understanding the determinants of behavior in order to promote healthy behavior change. They also all share the idea that motivation towards protection results from a perceived threat and the desire to avoid potential negative outcomes. Additionally, they can all be applied to health behavior. Therefore, both options B and C are correct, making D the best choice.

Question 12

The theory of planned behaviour is unique for including the idea that an attitude can be linked more reliably to behaviour if the attitude measure includes the element of perceived behavioural control.Perceived behavioural control is based on

Accepted Answer

Perceived behavioural control is based on beliefs about both resources (e.g. money, time) and opportunities (e.g. access to facilities, information). Therefore, the best choice is D, as it includes both A and B.

Question 13

The theory of planned behaviour extended the theory of reasoned action by

Accepted Answer

The theory of planned behaviour added the variable of perceived behavioural control to the three components of beliefs, intention and action in the theory of reasoned action. This expanded the theory to better account for situations where individuals may have the intention to perform a behaviour, but external factors may prevent them from doing so.

Question 14

The overall behavioural index,which is derived from measuring several specific behaviours,is

Accepted Answer

The overall behavioural index derived from measuring several specific behaviours is referred to as the concept of the multiple-act criterion. This concept suggests that a more reliable and valid assessment of a behavior can be achieved by aggregating multiple instances or measures of that behavior, rather than relying on a single act or measurement.

Question 15

According to the theory of reasoned action,the best way of predicting what a person will do is to

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of reasoned action, intentions are the best predictor of behavior. Therefore, asking if the person intends to do whatever we want to predict is the most effective way of predicting what a person will do.

Question 16

The idea that people try to achieve a balance between perceived threat of illness and their capacity to cope with a health program is a key to

Accepted Answer

The concept of balancing perceived threat and coping capacity is central to protection motivation theory, which focuses on how people use protective behavior to guard against perceived threats to their health and wellbeing. This theory is distinct from the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior, which are both centered around the idea that an individual's attitudes, beliefs, and intentions determine their behavior.

Question 17

Fishbein and Azjen (1975)argued that we can predict behaviour from more general attitudes only if we adopt a

Accepted Answer

Fishbein and Azjen (1975) proposed the theory of reasoned action, which argues that attitudes towards a specific behaviour, combined with subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, predict the likelihood of that behaviour being performed. They also proposed the use of a multiple-act criterion, which involves assessing attitudes towards multiple instances of the behaviour over time, to increase the accuracy of behavioural prediction. Therefore, the correct answer is A (multiple-act criterion).

Question 18

In studying attitudes and alcohol consumption,Gregson and Stacey (1981)found that

Accepted Answer

Gregson and Stacey (1981) found that there was only a small positive correlation between attitudes and alcohol consumption, indicating that attitudes towards alcohol may not be the strongest predictor of actual alcohol consumption behavior.

Question 19

In the theory of reasoned action,a subjective norm is

Accepted Answer

A subjective norm in the theory of reasoned action is a product of what we think others believe. It refers to the perceived social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior.

Question 20

Bart is sexually active but not in a long-term relationship.Will he practice safe sex? The theory of reasoned action predicts 'yes' if Bart

Accepted Answer

The theory of reasoned action suggests that behavior is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In this case, Bart's behavior of practicing safe sex is influenced by his attitude towards using condoms, his intention to use a condom in an imminent sexual encounter, and his perception of the social norm of his peers favoring safe sex. Therefore, all the options, A, B, and C, in combination are necessary to predict whether Bart will practice safe sex.

Quiz 5: Attitudes

Knowing what we now know from the theory of reasoned action,LaPiere's (1934) study of attitudes towards Chinese was

Kerry likes driving cars very fast.According to protection motivation theory,whether he decides to slow down depends on

In the theory of reasoned action,a person's behaviour is best predicted by

The correspondence between attitudes and behaviour varies according to

Behaviour is to attitude as is (are) to .

In a classic study of predicting discriminatory behaviour based on prejudiced attitudes,LaPiere (1934) found that

According to Fishbein (1971) ,in order to be able to predict a person's behaviour it is crucial to measure

Azjen and Fishbein believed that behaviour could be better predicted if the measures of attitudes are

According to Floyd,Prentice-Dunn & Rogers (2000) ,what do protection motivation theory,the theory of planned behaviour,and the theory of reasoned action have in common?

The theory of planned behaviour is unique for including the idea that an attitude can be linked more reliably to behaviour if the attitude measure includes the element of perceived behavioural control.Perceived behavioural control is based on

The theory of planned behaviour extended the theory of reasoned action by

The overall behavioural index,which is derived from measuring several specific behaviours,is

According to the theory of reasoned action,the best way of predicting what a person will do is to

The idea that people try to achieve a balance between perceived threat of illness and their capacity to cope with a health program is a key to

Fishbein and Azjen (1975) argued that we can predict behaviour from more general attitudes only if we adopt a

In studying attitudes and alcohol consumption,Gregson and Stacey (1981) found that

In the theory of reasoned action,a subjective norm is

Bart is sexually active but not in a long-term relationship.Will he practice safe sex? The theory of reasoned action predicts 'yes' if Bart

Quiz 5: Attitudes

Knowing what we now know from the theory of reasoned action,LaPiere's (1934) study of attitudes towards Chinese was

Kerry likes driving cars very fast.According to protection motivation theory,whether he decides to slow down depends on

In the theory of reasoned action,a person's behaviour is best predicted by

The correspondence between attitudes and behaviour varies according to

Behaviour is to attitude as ________ is (are) to ________.

In a classic study of predicting discriminatory behaviour based on prejudiced attitudes,LaPiere (1934) found that

According to Fishbein (1971) ,in order to be able to predict a person's behaviour it is crucial to measure

Azjen and Fishbein believed that behaviour could be better predicted if the measures of attitudes are

According to Floyd,Prentice-Dunn & Rogers (2000) ,what do protection motivation theory,the theory of planned behaviour,and the theory of reasoned action have in common?

The theory of planned behaviour is unique for including the idea that an attitude can be linked more reliably to behaviour if the attitude measure includes the element of perceived behavioural control.Perceived behavioural control is based on

The theory of planned behaviour extended the theory of reasoned action by

The overall behavioural index,which is derived from measuring several specific behaviours,is

According to the theory of reasoned action,the best way of predicting what a person will do is to

The idea that people try to achieve a balance between perceived threat of illness and their capacity to cope with a health program is a key to

Fishbein and Azjen (1975) argued that we can predict behaviour from more general attitudes only if we adopt a

In studying attitudes and alcohol consumption,Gregson and Stacey (1981) found that

In the theory of reasoned action,a subjective norm is

Bart is sexually active but not in a long-term relationship.Will he practice safe sex? The theory of reasoned action predicts 'yes' if Bart

Behaviour is to attitude as is (are) to .