Question 1

Ashley grew up in a poor neighborhood with parents who struggled to pay their bills.She was even homeless for several months as a child after her family was evicted from their apartment.As an adult,Ashley makes enough money to live comfortably,but she has a fuller understanding of socioeconomic class due to her experiences as a child.Ashley's perspective on class is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

Ashley's experiences have shaped her viewpoint and influenced her understanding and outlook. This aligns with the idea of standpoint, which suggests that an individual's social position and experiences influence their perception and understanding of the world around them. Self-serving bias, person-centered perception, cognitive schemata, and constructivism do not fully capture Ashley's perspective on class.

Question 2

The attribution that explains that behaviors come from factors people can control or from those people cannot control is known as

Accepted Answer

Responsibility attribution refers to whether behaviors are attributed to factors within a person's control (internal) or outside their control (external).

Question 3

The attribution that explains actions as resulting from a global pattern or a specific instance is known as

Accepted Answer

The attribution that explains actions as resulting from a global pattern or a specific instance is known as scope. Locus refers to the location of control (internal or external), stability refers to how consistent the cause is over time, and responsibility refers to whether the cause is attributed to the person or the situation.

Question 4

____ claims that we organize and experience our world through using cognitive schemata.

Accepted Answer

Constructivism is the theory that suggests individuals construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through cognitive schemata, mental models of knowledge that help organize information and guide how we interpret and perceive experiences. Social exchange theory examines the interactions and decisions made between individuals based on the perceived costs and rewards of social exchanges. Uncertainty reduction theory studies how individuals reduce uncertainty and increase predictability in new social situations. Attribution theory explores how people make causal explanations of others' behavior. Standpoint theory proposes that an individual's social position affects their perspectives and experiences, shaping their understanding of the world.

Question 5

Stereotypes are inaccurate generalizations about groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stereotypes are inaccurate generalizations about groups....

Question 6

We passively receive stimuli from around us.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We passively receive stimuli from around us....

Question 7

Janet says,"I didn't get a job offer because the interviewer was biased and it was a nasty day.However,Ellen didn't get an offer because she isn't qualified." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Janet attributes her own failure to external factors (interviewer bias and bad weather) but attributes Ellen's failure to an internal factor (lack of qualifications), demonstrating self-serving bias.

Question 8

Elijah goes into the library to find his friend Aimee who went there to study.He walks through the library until he sees her and then sits down beside her.Later Elijah's friend Marvin comes over and says,"Hey,man,why did you ignore me when you walked right past me a minute ago?" Elijah shakes his head,not knowing why he didn't see Marvin.Elijah's failure to see Martin when he was focusing on finding Aimee is an example of

Accepted Answer

Elijah's failure to see Marvin while he was focused on finding Aimee is an example of selective perception. This is because selective perception refers to the process of selectively attending to certain stimuli while ignoring others. In this case, Elijah focused his attention on finding Aimee, which caused him to selectively perceive the environment and inadvertently ignore Marvin.

Question 9

The reason Letitia yelled at me was because she is a mean person.This attribution

Accepted Answer

This statement attributes Letitia's behavior (yelling) to her personality (being mean), which is an internal characteristic, and suggests this behavior is consistent across situations, indicating a global explanation.

Question 10

Attributions include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Abstraction is not considered an attribution. Attributions refer to the ways individuals explain the causes of behavior or events, and include constructs, scripts, stereotypes, and prototypes. Abstraction, on the other hand, refers to the process of extracting essential features or concepts from complex phenomena.

Question 11

Jill is nervous about her biology test and says to her roommate,"This is stupid! I'm stupid! I'm going to fail." When Jill gets her test back a week later,she learns that she did,in fact,fail the test.Jill engaged in ____.

Accepted Answer

Jill's negative self-talk created a self-fulfilling prophecy where she believed that she was going to fail and it became true.

Question 12

____ claims that a culture includes a number of social communities,and each one distinctively shapes the perceptions,identities,and opportunities of its members.

Accepted Answer

Standpoint theory argues that culture shapes the perceptions, identities, and opportunities of its members. It emphasizes that people have different experiences and understandings based on their social locations and positions. Thus, individuals within a particular social community have a unique standpoint or perspective, shaped by their cultural background and social identity. Therefore, it is the best option among the given choices.

Question 13

Shelli and Lisa are talking about their favorite teachers. They each have qualities and characteristics that they feel make the ideal teacher. What are Shelli and Lisa talking about?

Accepted Answer

Shelli and Lisa are discussing the qualities and characteristics of an ideal teacher, which suggests they are referring to the concept of a prototype - a mental representation of the "best" or most typical example of a category, in this case, the category of teachers. Personal constructs, scripts, and schemata are all related to the organization and interpretation of information in memory, but they are not directly related to prototypes. Person-centeredness refers to therapist qualities in the therapeutic relationship, and is not relevant to this scenario.

Question 14

If we wish to enhance our competence and avoid problems of abstractions,we should

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed contribute to enhancing our competence and avoiding problems of abstractions. Recognizing that perceptions are subjective helps us understand that our biases and perspectives may influence how we interpret and understand information. Avoiding mind reading involves not making assumptions about what others are thinking or feeling without confirming with them. Checking our perceptions with others helps clarify any misunderstandings and ensures that we are understanding the information accurately. Lastly, distinguishing between facts (what we know to be true) and inferences (our interpretations or assumptions based on limited information) helps us avoid making faulty conclusions and reduces the potential for misunderstandings.

Question 15

Jason passes Greg in the residence hall lobby and says hi. Greg does not say hi back. Jason expected Greg to say hello in return. Jason's expectation refer to?

Accepted Answer

Jason's expectation refers to "scripts," which are sequences of expected behaviors for a given situation, like greeting someone when they greet you.

Question 16

Phoebe and Bernard are lying on the grass,looking at the clouds passing overhead.Phoebe remarks that the clouds look like Elvis Presley,while Bernard thinks that he sees his Aunt Bessie.Phoebe's and Bernard's perspectives illustrate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Phoebe and Bernard's perspectives illustrate the subjective nature of perception, as they are both interpreting the same clouds in different ways based on their individual experiences, beliefs, and biases. This highlights the fact that perception is not an objective representation of reality, but rather a subjective and individualized experience.

Question 17

The following are all influences on perception EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The other options (age, sensory abilities, physiologies, and physiological state) all directly impact one's perception, but socioeconomic status does not necessarily have a direct influence on perception.

Question 18

What is the term used for the ability to perceive another person as a unique and distinct individuals based on our knowledge of them?

Accepted Answer

Person-centered perception refers to the ability to perceive another person as a unique and distinct individual based on our knowledge of them. This means that we are able to see the person beyond the labels or categories they may be associated with and appreciate them for their unique qualities and attributes. A personal construct is a mental framework that we use to organize and interpret information about the world around us. A prototype is a mental image or representation of a category or concept. Constructive bias refers to the tendency to interpret information and events in a way that supports our pre-existing beliefs or attitudes.

Question 19

Bipolar mental yardsticks that allow us to position people and situations along dimensions of judgment are

Accepted Answer

Personal constructs are bipolar mental yardsticks that allow us to position people and situations along dimensions of judgment. They are unique to each individual and shape how they perceive and evaluate the world around them. Personal constructs can be used to help understand someone's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors towards specific situations or people.

Question 20

A prototype is a model that defines the most representative example of a category.

Accepted Answer

A prototype is a model or example that represents a category or concept in the most typical or ideal way.

Quiz 2: Perception and Communication